The Surgical Journey And Nursing Considerations - 1732 Words

A patient’s journey throughout the surgical process can often be a frightening and unpredictable time in a person’s life (Short Gordon, 2015). It is therefore vital for nurses to provide holistic and safe patient centred care, in order to meet the needs of each patient through their experience (Short Gordon, 2015). The following essay will explore the surgical journey and nursing considerations of a patient undergoing a surgical procedure. Firstly, it will address important nursing factors relevant to the preadmission and perioperative stages of care. It will then address relevant nursing factors relevant to the anaesthetic stages of care, during the surgical process. The case study is based on a five-year-old Australian boy named†¦show more content†¦The first step in the surgical process is a visit to the preadmission clinic. This is where James and his mother will meet with nursing and medical staff to begin planning and assessing for potential risk factors and complications that may arise during surgery. Firstly, a health questionnaire will be performed, where James’s mother will be asked a range of questions outlining James’s past medical history, current medications, previous issues with anaesthetics and infections. James’s weight, blood pressure, pulse rate, respiratory rate, temperature, oxygen saturations and blood sugar level will also be recorded, in order to assess the current health status of the child. It is important that these assessment findings are correctly documented, scanned and uploaded to the patient’s files, so information can be reviewed and revisited on the day of surgery (Chand, 2014). The pre admission stage is an important time for sharing vital information with patients and family on the preparation for surgery and also the management of medical conditions pre and post operatively (Emanuel MacPherson, 2013). James was born with Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM), which can be defined as a chronic autoimmune disease causing the immune system to attack the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas (Zaccone,

William Shakespeare s Twelfth Night - 1979 Words

Patients with middle to later stages of Alzheimer’s often have spouses or children who are deceased. But these patients’ failing memories will often lead them to believe his/her loved ones are alive and well. When a patient continually asks a nurse to see their husband or wife, nurses will use a technique called therapeutic lying to reassure the patient by telling him/her that the personhas gone to visit a relative. Telling the person that he/she is dead only brings immense sadness, and patients who have an even shorter term memory will not remember the previous day’s events. Every day it is discovered that the loved one has died. This is extremely emotionally tolling both on the nurses and the patients and lying seems like a kinder option. A situation such as this one would be deception to gain something but is helping the person being lied to. In William Shakespeare s Twelfth Night, one main characters, Viola, wakes up on the shores of Illyria after a shipwreck in which her brother has presumably died. She formulates a plan to work for the Duke, Orsino who is hopelessly in love with the sought-after Olivia. This causes many complications when Olivia falls in love with Viola’s male character and Viola falls in love with Orsino. people can agree that using deception for harm is unethical. However, using deception to gain something creates a controversy. Society can help determine these ethical gray areas whether through law, or behavior that society accepts. SomethingShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s Twelfth Night2005 Words   |  9 Pagesrole that gender plays in Shakespeare’s work. Focus on Twelfth Night or King Lear—or discuss both plays together. Do you see these patterns repeated? Or do you see them being challenged and somehow undermined (implicitly or explicitly) in the plots and language of the play s)?† wants to know if Shakespeare wanted to break the pattern of women being passive objects to men in the literature. In the story Twelfth Night by William Shakespeare all of the roles are played by men. In the fifteenth centuryRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Twelfth Night1967 Words   |  8 Pages William Shakespeare’s â€Å"Twelfth Night† or â€Å"What You Will† was written around 1601-1602 with the primary performance being in February 1602. It is known to be a high point of Shakespearian comedy as it is one of Shakespeare’s finest works. Twelfth night was written to commemorate the close of the Christmas season being possibly one of the first ever holiday specials, kind of like the Middle Ages version of â€Å"Love Actually†. The play centres on the twins Viola and Sebastian, who are separated duringRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Twelfth Night Essay2147 Words   |  9 Pagesaffection for another person,† love takes on many forms throughout life and literature (Merriam-Webster). Through its passionate drama and witty repartee, Tw elfth Night, by William Shakespeare, explores the intricate, and often complicated, realm of interpersonal love. By tracing the intertwining storylines of four unique characters, Shakespeare communicates the futility of self-love, the desperation of hopeless love, and the immeasurable virtue of selfless love. An after-effect of human’s sinfulRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Twelfth Night947 Words   |  4 PagesLove affection Recently, I’ve been reading an intriguing play, Twelfth Night, which was written by William Shakespeare. What interests me in this play most is the fact that there are a lot of love interests. Duke Orsino is greatly attracted to a gentlewoman called Olivia. However, despite his attempts to court her, she rejects his approaches as she claims to be in a period of mourning for her dead brother which has been going on for seven years. Olivia forms a tight friendship with Viola, a womanRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Twelfth Night1436 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Shakespeare is perhaps one of the most famous writers of English literature. His writings and plays have touched the lives of many people. At some point in our lives, whether we are aware of it or not, we have all come across a poem, play or perhaps even an old adage that was written by William Shakespeare that has captured our attention. I still remember the very first time I read Romeo and Juliet in high school. The st ory was one of the most memorable pieces of literature that I recallRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Twelfth Night1502 Words   |  7 PagesThe very ï ¬ rst word following the dramatis personae in the text of William Shakespeare s comedy, Twelfth Night, or What You Will, is Music. The first thing that playgoers hear at the beginning is music. This music is being played for a duke, a powerful lord residing over the setting of all the characters. He is surrounded by other lords and his attendant, Curio. The duke, Orsino, cannot help but comment: If music be the food of love, play on, Give me excess of itRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Twelfth Night1155 Words   |  5 Pagesmany aspects. Sometimes they may try to force people to act upon certain rules that define their place in society. They often try to meet expectations that society has made for them based on gender and social status. William Shakespeare reinforces these ideas in his play Twelfth Night, which introduces many meaningful messages about situations that still occur in society today. He clearly develops important themes worthy of analysis. A few of these strong themes are about stereotypes and society’sRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Twelfth Night1218 Words   |  5 PagesTwelfth Night, a romantic piece by William Shakespeare expresses a complex love triangle in the village of Illyria. One of the primary protagonists, Viola is washed up onto the shores during violent storms that separate her and her biological twin brother Sebastian. Viola is uncertain if her brother Sebastian survived. It is a coincidence, that the tragic shipwreck carried Viola to the enemy state (Illyria). Unfortunately, this forces the character to go into disguise in order to survive on the maleRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Twelfth Night1106 Words   |  5 Pagescharacters. Before movies, people learned about love in literature. Even in the old literature, love was a common theme. In Shakespeare’s play â€Å"Twelfth Night†, different types of love between the characters are investigated. Each of the characters’ relationships play a role in the development of the story. The first and main type of love in â€Å"Twelfth Night is true love. The story’s plot is driven by the complicated love triangle between Orsino, Viola, and Olivia. However, Viola’s love is the only trueRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Twelfth Night1162 Words   |  5 PagesShakespeare, the favorite dramatist of all time fascinates himself with the usage of the language of Elizabethan poetic drama. His plays were lived to a full appreciation and pleasure. One of his most common plays full of comedies, twelfth night published in 1623, was written with a well hatched plot where the analysis on love is brought in both comic and tragic situation. The reader will note the three very different story lines within these paragraphs. The following prognostications will outline

Strategic Management of Bellamy Company-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Strategic Management of Bellamy Company. Answer: Introduction Bellamy is an organic food manufacturer which manufactures more than thirty products for children. Ownership A Tasmanian family founded the company in 2004 and was keen on providing healthy food to their children. Bellamy is certified by NASA and the baby food manufacturer produces and packages its products in Australia. History The share of the company is traded on Australian Stock Exchange. The company has remained the pioneer in the organic food manufacturing segment for babies. Business Scope Bellamy is more than a hundred-million-dollar company. The company's offshore business is a major source of revenue and the purpose of the company is to provide nutritious organic food to babies met with standards of Australian Food Authority Size The company has the license to sell its products in more than three thousand stores in Australia including Coles and Woolworths supermarket. Major Products of Bellamy The company manufactures wide variety of food products and its market can be segmented into the following categories Children who are newly born to six months old-For infants various food products are manufactured by Bellamy including Organic Infant Formula Step 1 which provides meets the guidelines of Australian Food authority. The company also manufactures solid foods for infants like cereals. For babies who are six months to more than a year old-Bellamy manufactures products like Organic Follow-on Formula Step 2 which provides the essential vitamins, amino acids and nutrients that will be required by a six months old baby who can no longer depend on breast-feeding as the only food supply. The company manufactures cereals, pasta and food that can be instantly served to babies. For children who are one years to more than three years old- The company provides toddlers organic food of highest quality like Organic Toddler Milk Drink Step 3 which is a specially devised formula made of organic cows milk and thirteen essential vitamins. This drink also provides iron, calcium, fat, inulin and other nutrients required for proper growth of children. Snacks and pasta are other products manufactured by Bellamy. Major Markets of Bellamy In the domestic market that is Australia the brand is positioned as a premium manufacturer of organic products. The company exports its organic food products in major South East Asian countries including China, Singapore, Malaysia, Vietnam, Taiwan, Hong Kong .The company has subsidiaries in Shanghai and Singapore to handle the marketing and distribution activities in South East Asia. The company has plans of expansion in the United States and the United Kingdom and New Zealand is also a dominant market of Bellamy. The macro environmental factors are the political, legal, socio-cultural, economical, environmental and technological factors of the external environment that should be analyzed by Bellamy for its sustainability, expansion and growth in Australia and international market. The external environment has several opportunities for a business and poses numerous threats to the business. Bellamy should analyze its macro environment to develop strategies and tactics for survival, market growth, product growth and market expansion (Kraak and Story 2015). Bellamy can utilize its internal strength to take leverage of opportunities of the external environment and the company can reduce the threats of external environment by minimizing its weakness. The PESTEL framework can used by Bellamy for the analysis of its external macro environment. ESTEL FRAMEWORK Political factors These factors include the policies of Government like minimum national wage, labor laws, government regulation related to taxes like corporate tax, value added tax, foreign trade policy, import and export regulations which will affect the business of Bellamy. The Australian Government has Free Trade Agreements with other countries and Bellamy can utilize this opportunity for market expansion in off shore countries like South East Asian. The Australian Government provides several grants like Export Market Development grants and Bellamy can make leverage of this support from Government for expansion in off-shore market. The Australian Government provides financial assistance by its export credit Agency Export Finance and Support and this factor can be utilized by Bellamy for its expansion in new markets for example, the United States and the United Kingdom(Ho 2014). Economic Australia is ranked number five in Index of Economic Freedom and the economic stability and transparent governmental policy of the country provides opportunity for Bellamy to sustain its business in the country. The quality of life in the country is high and people have high disposable income and purchasing power of consumers is high which can be an advantage for Bellamy. The ease of doing business in Australia is high with stable economic conditions. Socio-cultural factors The consumers of Australia are conscious about the health of their babies and children and organic food products are trendy among customers. The organic food products provide the necessary nutritional value to children and parents of Australia rely on the pioneer brand Bellamy while purchasing food for the children. The food products children consume during childhood are of prime importance for the physical and cognitive development of children and Bellamy has catered to this market need and positioned itself as a premium organic food brand. In 2008, melamine-tainted milk powder caused death of six infants in China and since then the consumers of the country has been conscious about the food products. This food scandal in china can be an opportunity for Bellamy for market expansion as the company can position itself as a safe brand providing the essential nutritional value to the children of China. Technological Factors Australia is ranked among the top OECD nations as the Australian Government provides financial assistance in the R D sector. The country provides numerous opportunities for Bellamy to invest in research and development of its organic food products which has special formula to provide the right nutrition to children. Also Australian government provides assistance to collaborate on digital platform with South East Asian countries for distribution and expansion which is an advantage for Bellamy (Armstrong et al. 2014). Chinas e-commerce market is more than a trillion with e-commerce giants like Alibaba. The country has made technological advancement in farming and digital technology is highly efficient in China. Bellamy can take leverage of this situation to expand its business in China. Environmental factors The environmental factors in Australia provide favorable conditions for Bellamy as the country has huge opportunities for agro-based companies. The country has demand for clean, green and safe products and Bellamy can take advantage of this opportunity for manufacturing its organic products. Products of organic farming is free from harmful chemicals and fertilizers and are rich in antioxidants and Australia is often considered one of the best countries to encourage environment friendly method of organic farming. Bellamy can take leverage of the natural resources and organic farmland of Australia to manufacture its products. Legal factors The food products of Bellamy are for babies and therefore the company has to abide by the health and safety standards of Australian Food Authority and consumer laws of the Australian government should be taken into account by Bellamy while manufacturing its products. The laws of Australian Government are transparent and Bellamy should set up its pricing policy keeping in mind the consumer laws of the government. The company should provide workplace safety to the employees of agricultural sector and organic farming sector and cater to their health conditions and wages at work which will enable the company to abide by the labor laws. Other laws of the Australian government relate to fair competition in the local market and tax policies should also be taken into account (Hemmerling, Hamm and Spiller 2015). From the above PESTEL analysis it can be concluded that the Australian government provides favorable conditions for Bellamy for sustaining its business. Porters five forces Michael Porter has analyzed five forces of market to critically examine the attractiveness of an industry and the competitive forces prevailing in the industry. The five forces of Michael Porter are bargaining power of consumers, bargaining power of suppliers, threats of new entrants, threat of substitutes and industry rivalry. These five forces can enable Bellamy to contemplate on its strength and weakness for sustaining its business. Threat of Substitutes The demand for organic food products for infants and children is huge and there are few substitutes of products of Bellamy which are meets the standards of Australian Food Authority. The company has a good product line with products ranging from cereals, pastas to specially formulated milk products for children. Therefore, Bellamy faces relatively low threat from substitute of its products however products from global giants like NESTLE which also specializes in food products brands for children can be threat for Bellamy. However the company has been pioneer in organic food brand and has a high brand value which enables Bellamy to combat the threat of substitutes (Bellamy 2014). Bargaining power of Supplier Organic farming requires special techniques for soil and crop health. The organic farming sector is dependent on organic fertilizers and special attention should be paid to crop health, nutrient availability and soil structure. So bargaining power of Suppliers of Bellamy is relatively high as the company is dependent on its suppliers for their technical know-how and switching costs of suppliers can be relatively high for the company. Bargaining power of consumers- Consumers are willing to pay best prices to buy the nutritional food products if Bellamy and they do not negotiate with the price of food products for their children. There are very few players in the market who produce organic food products for children. Consumers rely on the pioneer brand Bellamy for its high-quality food products and are and the company has high perceived value on the minds of consumers (Grunert, Hieke and Wills 2014). The bargaining power of consumers is relatively low in Australia as consumers do not have options to switch from one brand to another due to few players of organic food products for children in the market. Customers are willing to pay a premium price to buy products of Bellamy both in Australia and in global markets. The threat of new-entrants Bellamy faces the low threat from new entrants in the market. The entry barriers in the organic food industry are relatively high due to high investment in the operational and distributional costs ( Flammer 2015).A company willing to make its entry into the market of producing organic food products has to invest the huge amount of money in Supply Chain and Logistics Management to build an efficient network of suppliers and distributors. Marketing and promotional costs for the company will also be high as the company has to invest a lot of money to build its brand image in the mind of customers (Cairns et al 2013). In the organic food market for children, consumers tend to rely on well-established pioneer brands which already possess the technical know-how for manufacturing the nutritious organic food products of children and consumers will not prefer to experiment with new brands as it can pose risk to the health of their children (Grimm, Hofstetter and Sarkis 2014). Therefore, Bella my has the advantage of creating high customer perceived value by providing high-quality products to consumers and do not have to worry much about threats from new entrants. Market Rivalry Bellamy faces medium market competition from global giants like NESTLE and from local players like Only Organic. Other competitors of the company are Blackmores, Devondale, Aussie baby. The company has the advantage of being the leading organic food manufacturer and has a well-developed product line (Dembek and Bhakoo 2016). However, the competition in the market can be combated by Bellamy by continuously upgrading its technological know-how. It can be concluded from the above Porter's five forces analysis that the bargaining power of suppliers for Bellamy is relatively high and market rivalry is medium-high which can pose threat for Bellamy. However, the threat of substitutes, the threat of new entrants and bargaining power of suppliers are low for Bellamy and these factors can provide the opportunity for the company to sustain its business (Reim, Parida and rtqvist 2015). The purpose of this analysis Doing this analysis is very essential for any and every organization in order to know the environment or the conditions in which the industry is working (Markovina et al 2015). In other words, it helps the company understand the different forces that might affect the profitability and it is according to this that the organization sets its goals and strategies accordingly. In the same way, it has also been very beneficial for Bellamy company to understand its competitive environment through this Porters five forces and in turn, it has helped them to set their strategies accordingly (Child and Hsieh 2014). It enabled them to know the competition existing in the market and the strategies that they need to take in order to overcome that competition. Apart from this, it also enabled them to know the bargaining power of their consumers, the threat of entrance of new firms etc, as a result of which, they could conclude that they have to constantly keep on diversifying their products and kee p on updating their technological know-how so that they can satisfy the changing demand of the consumers as they know that their buyers can easily shift onto other alternatives as they are available in plenty in the market. This interconnectedness between the macro-environmental forces and the competitive forces helps the company to formulate its overall strategic planning that might turnout to be profitable for the organization in the long run (Lee and Yun, Z.S., 2015). It enabled Bellamy company to know about both it's internal as well as the external factors on which it needs to work in order to overcome all the loopholes and increase their profitability in the long run. The company realized that it needs to focus on the external factors like demographic environment, natural forces, technological forces, political forces and also the social and cultural forces. This is a point of prime advantage for this company since it is very much well aware of the target market (Knox 2017). In other words, Bellamy company is mainly dealing in the baby organic food products and for this reason (Ladhari and Tchetgna 2015), they are saved from the time that would otherwise have been wasted in dividing the population according to age, gender, location, race and occupation (Reim, Parida and rtqvist 2015). As far as the economic factor is concerned, Bellamy has realized that in this present scenario, there is a high demand for top quality baby food products and people are ready to spend the good amount of their income in order to get a good health for their babies(Wang 2016). However, Bellamy has to constantly keep on upgrading the quality of their products in order to meet with the ever-increasing and changing demands of their customers (Wang 2016). Natural forces are perhaps one of the most important aspects that Bellamy company needs to focus upon because their main motive is to provide quality food to their customers, in other words, their main objective is to supply fresh, healthy and safe food to the babies of their customers. This company guarantees that they use all the best quality and fresh, natural input products for the production of their items. They take all the locally cultivated products for the production of their goods and services, as a result of which any change in the natural environment might affect their production a great deal, any natural calamities will also affect their production and might, in turn, hamper their sales and their profit margins. Hence, they always need to keep sufficient backup or alternatives at hand so that their production does not get affected even if there is shortage of input materials but they must under no circumstance compromise with the quality of the product The increase in health consciousness which seems to be the major driving force for this industry. The new products and market research are mainly based on the long-term infant development, and many products among this are also very much nutritious and added with special health and nutrient value to increase the appeal (Schaltegger and Burritt 2014). The return of many expecting mothers into labor pain followed by childbirth has also resulted in increasing the sales of the company. Parents are not willing to compromise at all with the health of their children and want to give them the apt, healthy and fresh nutrients right from their childhood in order to give them a fresh, fit, healthy and a bright future, and as the market trend suggests, the parents are not willing to cut down expenditures on baby food.(Maestre et al 2014). Just like the many other tools pestle, SWOT etc are used to examine the internal and external sources of a company, VRIO is one such model that is used to examine the internal sources of a company V (valuable) - The first and the foremost thing that this framework helps to follow is that whether the resource adds value by allowing a firm to exploit the opportunities or defend against threats. As far as the Bellamy Organic Food is concerned, it really helps to add value because it mainly operates in baby food products. This is something which is of a great demand in todays scenario and it has been seen that all the customers in general and the parents in particular are very much alert about the health of their children a naturally have a high demand for the best available baby food products in the market and by allowing good amount if discounts on their products, Bellamy is also able to attract a strong customer base. R (rare)- having resources which are uncommon and rare will obviously help in attracting more number of customers and this in turn will give competitive advantage to the company. But at the same time, if the resources used by the company are common and easily available, then there can be a good amount of competition as the customers can easily switch over to the other alternatives that are available in plenty in the market. Costly to imitate As the resources used by this company are rare, valuable and very costly to copy or imitate, it helps the firm to achieve competitive advantage. There are like three reasons that makes the resources had to imitate, they are Historical conditions. Resources that were developed due to historical events or over a long period usually are costly to imitate. Causal ambiguity. Companies cant identify the particular resources that are the cause of competitive advantage. Social Complexity. The resources and capabilities that are based on companys culture or interpersonal relationships. As history has it, parents will always be very much concerned about the health and well being of their kids and it is for this reason that Bellamy started producing their products with the best available resources. If the resources that are used are uncommon in nature, they will have a good competitive advantage and the other companies will obviously find it tough to identify the particular resources. It also helps in developing a interpersonal relationship between the company and the customers as the customers have vested their faith in Bellamy products for the well being of their babies. Organized to capture values Bellamy Company has been able to organize its management system, its policies, and processes and also the organizational structure and culture so that it is able to fully realize the value of its management system, and it has also been able to realize fully the potential of its resources and capabilitie. Conclusion hus, it is concluded from this paper that Bellamy Company has performed well in the past few years as is reflected by its sales revenue, which is evident by the fact that they have been able to satisfy the needs and demands of their consumers. But at the same time, there is also the threat of the entrance of new firms and the customers can easily switch over to other alternatives as there are plenty, operating in the market. This makes it very much essential for the company to keep on upgrading itself for improving their production both in terms of quality and quantity. Reference List Armstrong, G., Adam, S., Denize, S. and Kotler, P., 2014.Principles of marketing. Pearson Australia. Bellamy, M., 2014. John Labatt Blows In and Out of the Windy City: A Case Study in Entrepreneurship and Business Failure, 18891896.Canadian Historical Review,95(1), pp.30-53. Cairns, G., Angus, K., Hastings, G. and Caraher, M., 2013. Systematic reviews of the evidence on the nature, extent, and effects of food marketing to children. A retrospective summary. Appetite,62, pp.209-215. Child, J. and Hsieh, L.H., 2014. Decision mode, information and network attachment in the internationalization of SMEs: A configurational and contingency analysis.Journal of World Business,49(4), pp.598-610. Dembek, K., Singh, P. and Bhakoo, V., 2016. A literature review of shared value: a theoretical concept or a management buzzword?. Journal of Business Ethics,137(2), pp.231-267. Epstein, M.J., Buhovac, A.R. and Yuthas, K., 2015. Managing social, environmental and financial performance simultaneously.Long-range planning,48(1), pp.35-45. Flammer, C., 2015. Does product market competition foster corporate social responsibility? Evidence from trade liberalization.Strategic Management Journal,36(10), pp.1469-1485. Grimm, J.H., Hofstetter, J.S., and Sarkis, J., 2014. Critical factors for sub-supplier management: A sustainable food supply chains perspective. International Journal of Production Economics,152, pp.159-173. Grunert, K.G., Hieke, S. and Wills, J., 2014. Sustainability labels on food products: Consumer motivation, understanding, and use. Food Policy,44, pp.177-189. Hemmerling, S., Hamm, U. and Spiller, A., 2015. Consumption behaviour regarding organic food from a marketing perspectivea literature review.Organic Agriculture,5(4), pp.277-313. Ho, J.K.K., 2014. Formulation of a systemic PEST analysis for strategic analysis.European academic research,2(5), pp.6478-6492. Knox, A., 2017. Middle Anglo-Saxon dress accessories in life and death: expressions of a worldview.Dress and Society: Contributions from Archaeology. Kraak, V.I. and Story, M., 2015. Influence of food companies' brand mascots and entertainment companies' cartoon media characters on children's diet and health: a systematic review and research needs.obesity reviews,16(2), pp.107-126. Ladhari, R. and Tchetgna, N.M., 2015. The influence of personal values on Fair Trade consumption.Journal of Cleaner Production,87, pp.469-477. Lee, H.J. and Yun, Z.S., 2015Consumers perceptions of organic food attributes and cognitive and affective attitudes as determinants of their purchase intentions toward organic food.Food quality and preference,39, pp.259-267. Lobstein, T., Jackson-Leach, R., Moodie, M.L., Hall, K.D., Gortmaker, S.L., Swinburn, B.A., James, W.P.T., Wang, Y. and McPherson, K., 2015. Child and adolescent obesity: part of a bigger picture.The Lancet,385(9986), pp.2510-2520. Lobstein, T., Jackson-Leach, R., Moodie, M.L., Hall, K.D., Gortmaker, S.L., Swinburn, B.A., James, W.P.T., Wang, Y. and McPherson, K., 2015. Child and adolescent obesity: part of a bigger picture.The Lancet,385(9986), pp.2510-2520. Lobstein, T., Jackson-Leach, R., Moodie, M.L., Hall, K.D., Gortmaker, S.L., Swinburn, B.A., James, W.P.T., Wang, Y. and McPherson, K., 2015. Child and adolescent obesity: part of a bigger picture.The Lancet,385(9986), pp.2510-2520. Maestre, M., Robinson, E., Humphrey, J. and Henson, S., 2014.The Role of Business in Providing Nutrient-Rich Foods for the Poor: A Case Study in Tanzania. IDS. Magdoff, F. and Foster, J.B., 2014. The plight of the US working class.Monthly Review,65(8), p.1. Markovina, J., Stewart-Knox, B.J., Rankin, A., Gibney, M., de Almeida, M.D.V., Fischer, A., Kuznesof, S.A., Ponhos, R., Panzone, L. and Frewer, L.J., 2015. Food4Me study: Validity and reliability of Food Choice Questionnaire in 9 European countries.Food quality and preference,45, pp.26-32. Reim, W., Parida, V. and rtqvist, D., 2015. ProductService Systems (PSS) business models and tacticsa systematic literature review.Journal of Cleaner Production,97, pp.61-75. Reim, W., Parida, V. and rtqvist, D., 2015. ProductService Systems (PSS) business models and tacticsa systematic literature review.Journal of Cleaner Production,97, pp.61-75. Schaltegger, S. and Burritt, R., 2014. Measuring and managing sustainability performance of supply chains: Review and sustainability supply chain management framework.Supply Chain Management: An International Journal,19(3), pp.232-241. Shou, Z., Chen, J., Zhu, W. and Yang, L., 2014. Firm capability and performance in China: The moderating role of guanxi and institutional forces in domestic and foreign contexts.Journal of Business Research,67(2), pp.77-82. Wang, W., 2016.The effects of carbohydrate and amino acids on muscle protein synthesis after acute resistance exercise and muscle adaptation following chronic resistance training(Doctoral dissertation). Wang, W., 2016.The effects of carbohydrate and amino acids on muscle protein synthesis after acute resistance exercise and muscle adaptation following chronic resistance training(Doctoral dissertation).

SOLO Report Essays - Crime, Murder, Psychopathy, Serial Killer

SOLO Report This book, in my opinion, is a very good example of a serial killer, and his ironic demise. The book begins with an example of serial killing, where a powerful, influential man is killed by an assassin. The book, after the killing, follows the killer to an unusual place-a concert hall. There it is found that the killer is internationally famous concert pianist John Mikali. This man, Mikali, has been tormented by death and pain all of his life. His family has been based through a stout naval history, as his father, and relatives past have all been commanders and captains of great naval ships. The one break in the chain was his Grandfather and him, John, who is a concert pianist. John is clever but physcotic, because his hobby, as gruesome as it may seem, is killing. It began one day when his nanny was killed. It seemed she was killed by a hit and run driver. John, who loved his nanny so much, decided to get revenge, and revenge he did. He killed the man who had been driving the car. The book starts out, as said, with a killing and then by revealing the killer. Then the book goes into a story of the life of the man Mikali. His mother and father had been killed at sea, and the only people he had left were his nanny and his aunt. The book gives an accurate description of his life and times before his incredible hobby. After the book describes Mikali's background, which itself is filled with death, the book goes into the current life of Mikali and how he got to where he is. Mikali discovered his great talent in music at a very early age. His grand-father, who is the only blood relative he has left, is committed to his grand-son. He gives his son the best schooling in the form of music he loves the most: the Piano. The book after it has dealt with the past then goes into the present. Using this method, it resembles a time line: MIKALI'S DEEP PAST--------RECENT PAST---------PRESENT TIME After the recent past, in which Mikali has killed over 30 well known and influential people all around the globe. He uses his influential piano connections to travel all around the globe. He then makes the fatal mistake someone else did to him by doing it to someone else, with even more power than him. Mikali's most loved relative was killed by a hit and run driver-and then one day Mikali kills the daughter of a retired SAS Soldier, Asa Morgan. Morgan is a trained and skilled killer himself. It is ironic in the fact that after Morgan's daughter is killed, he goes on a rampage, like Mikali after his aunt is killed. Mikali took out his rage on the entire globe-and Morgan took UT out on Mikali and everyone associated with him. Morgan, after learning his daughter is dead, throws all rules of the military system out the window and goes after Mikali. Although Morgan doesn't know who killed his daughter, he does know that the initial murder at the beginning of the book is related to his own daughter's murder. Mikali has gained a world- wide reputation as a brilliant pianist-and his alter ego as a fearless and skilled killer. Revenge plays its part in this book, after Mikali having taken his out on the whole world, and Morgan wanting to get his daughter back. Morgan, after tracking down Mikali through skillful deduction, (he examines all the murders and pieces together that Mikali was in the city giving some kind of musical performance) kills Mikali in the only place that can be deemed fit to kill Mikali in-A music hall. The book is very real in the aspect of serial killers. It portrays an excellent example of a person who kills in succession with an intricate plan. The killer, Mikali, kills all of his victims simply and with a plan. Also, Mikali kills many people. That's a common trait with serial killers. As with Charles Manson, Mikali killed his victims without remorse or pity. He wiped them clear off the face of the earth without a second thought because he thought it would have an affect on the earth. Mikali's plan was that if someone did something bad to him, then they should be dead. Mikali killed a man who had been leading the group who financed a political uprising in his native Greece. And he also

Term Paper on Immigration

Term Paper on Immigration Immigration is a natural phenomenon that has been happening since the start of this world.   People have been migrating to and from different places due to different reasons including religious reasons, climatic reasons, seasonal changes, political reasons, natural disasters, and financial reasons, etc.   People migrate even now due to political conditions like war, natural disasters like earthquakes, cyclones, floods, and famine, and in some areas, for grazing cattle and for looking for greener and less dry pastures.   Immigration term paper can be done barely through far-reaching research and following consulting quite a lot of paperbacks and websites. Term paper on immigration is something every student may counter.   Writing a term paper on immigration is not really easy, and it requires some background knowledge of the topic.   To write a term paper on immigration, students need direction on different immigration topics.   They call for some guidance for writing a term paper on immigration.   We can do a term paper on immigration in the shortest time achievable.   We have a gigantic support staff that waits online at all times when you are introducing an order for term paper on immigration. CustomWritings.com has forever been a choice among learner and teacher equally.   We have hundreds of customers who boast their term paper on immigration written by us.   Immigration term paper help of all sorts is provided at our custom paper writing agency, and you can place an order for any type of term paper on immigration you desire.  Ã‚  Ã‚   We have never been charged for providing derivative stuff to our clients and this is the explanation why we are the most trustworthy and preferred company in the entire term paper on immigration writing picture.   You can at all times buy custom term paper on immigration at CustomWritings.com.   We have grand skilled writers who are skilled in writing term paper on immigration. One of our oldest customers, Eugene McGonagall, says I cant imagine working with any other company except CustomWritings.com.   I feel really comfortable when I place my order for term paper on immigration with CustomWritings.com, as I know my work is being done by a reliable company of an international reputation.   I can ask CustomWritings.com for help whenever I am short of time. Another of our old customers, Jason Gartner says,‘I believe the reason why CustomWritings.com is probably the worlds largest company providing term paper help on immigration is that it always provides the best possible term paper on immigration to its customers.   I have never countered any kind of plagiarism problem due to CustomWritings.coms fault, as they always provide authentic and unabridged work to its students. A large proportion of clients at CustomWritings.com are learners.   We promise our customers full marks or the most excellent grades in their term paper on immigration.   We offer full repayment facility if it is initiated that our term writers do not complete the customers necessities.   We have a quantity of clientele who have for all time had their term paper on immigration done by us and still do.   Charlotte Andrews from UK has been working with us for quite a long time.   I have on no account felt greatly at ease with any other company.   I have forever had my term paper on immigration done by CustomWritings.com, and I have at all times got best marks in my course group.   I just have to post an order at CustomWritings.coms website, and then be assured that my term paper on immigration is saf, says Charlotte. Here is a list of the most popular essay topics on immigration: 1. Immigration and Society 2. Examine the debate over immigration into the USA 3. Immigration in Australia 4. Immigration to New Zealand (1840-1900) 5. What have been the attitudes of the main parties in Britain towards race relations and immigration? 6. Chinese immigration 7. German Immigration and Their Settlement in German Town Pennsylvania 8. Illegal Immigration in the United States 9. Impact of Immigration on Australia from post war years 10. Mass Immigration Reduction Act 11. Mexican Immigration 12. Limiting Immigration following Sept. 11 13. Cultural Diversity and Immigration 14. Immigration 1860-1890 15. The Immigration’s Factors 16. How the Characteristics of Immigration to the East Coast Explains the Social Development of Each Place?

2019 Writing Contests The Ultimate Guide - Freewrite Store

2019 Writing Contests The Ultimate Guide - Freewrite Store 20 Writing Contests in 2019 Finding the right writing contest for you can be a difficult and time-consuming process. I googled the term â€Å"writing contests† and got 126,000,000 results. For that reason, we compiled a comprehensive and up-to-date list of the best writing contests in 2019. You’re here because you’re looking for credible writing contests that offer cash prizes and/or the ability to get your work in front of more people.  Discover the best essay, poetry, novel, and short story writing competitions for fiction and non-fiction writers. Disclaimer:The majority of the descriptions of each contest were taken directly from the most relevant contest website. We did the leg work and we’ll continue to curate and update this list throughout the year. If you want to receive updates when we update this list, sign up for updates! Submit your work to these competitions for a chance to win notoriety, rewards and of course, cash prizes. Related: Struggling to get your piece finished before the competition deadline? UseSprinter, our online, distraction-free writing tool. Produce your best work by staying productive and creative. Did we miss a writing competition? Let us know in the comments or by tweeting at us, @astrohaus. 20 Writing Contests in 2019 1. 2019 fresh.ink Fiction Contest To celebrate the launch of our beta reader platform, we're hosting a fiction writing contest with $7,500 in prizes. Our judging process is unique and very transparent. Instead of editors, we match your work with private beta readers on our fresh.ink platform who rate your story. Highest overall score wins in each of the four categories: short story, novelette, novella, and novel! Deadline:December 1st, 2019  Fee: None  Prize:  $1,000 - $3,000  Ã‚  View Contest 2. Amazing Women's Edition Tell us about an amazing woman. The National Youth Foundation is pleased to announce the 2020 Amazing Women's Edition Contest student book competition. Students are tasked to get to know women in their communities and tell us about the heroines. The contest is open to students in grades K-8. Prizes include $500 for the student(s), $250 for the teacher or parent advisor and the book is published and donated to schools and libraries across the country. Deadline:  January 6, 2019  Fee:  None  Prize:  $500 and Publication of Book  View Contest 3. 2019 Accenti Writing Contest The annual Accenti Writing Contest has an open topic.  Multiple entries are welcome.  The contest is open to prose works of fiction, non-fiction or creative non-fiction with a maximum length of 2000 words.  Winners are chosen by blind judging. Four finalists make the shortlist, from which the judges choose the winner.  The popular vote winner is the submission from among the four finalists that receives the most votes by Accenti readers. Winners' names, bios and submissions will be posted on Accenti in May and reported in the Accenti Newsletter. Top prize: $1000.00 (CDN) and publication in Accenti.  Two runner-up prizes: $100.00 (CDN) each and publication in Accenti.  Popular Vote prize: $100.00 (CDN) and publication in Accenti.Deadline: February 3rd, 2020  Ã‚  Fee: $30  Ã‚  Prize: $100 - $1,000 View Contest 4. The Juniper Literary Prizes The Juniper Literary Prizes showcase distinctive and fresh voices and share their work with a wide array of readers. Every year, faculty-judges from the distinguished  University of Massachusetts MFA program select two  winners in poetry, two in  fiction, and one in creative nonfiction, and the awardees each receive an honorarium of $1,000 and a publication contract with the University of Massachusetts Press. Deadline:September 30, 2019  Fee:  $30  Prize: $1,000 View Contest 5. WOW! Women On Writing Summer 2019 Flash Fiction Contest Seeking short fiction of any genre between 250 - 750 words. The mission of this contest is to inspire creativity, communication, and well-rewarded recognition to contestants. Electronic submissions via e-mail only; reprints are okay; simultaneous submissions okay; reprints okay; multiple submissions are okay as long as they are submitted in their own individual e-mail. Open internationally. Limit: 300 entries. Entry: $10 entry fee; critique option for an additional $10 Deadline:  August 31, 2019  Fee:$10  Prize:  Up to $400 + publication  Ã‚  View Contest 6. 2019 African American Voices in Children’s Literature: Writing Contest Strive Publishing Free Spirit Publishing are partnering to shine a spotlight onMinnesota’s African American authors in the first annual African American Voicesin Children’s Literature Writing Contest. Eligible entries will include original fiction or nonfiction board books for ages 0–4 (50–125 words) and picture books for ages 4–8 (300–800 words) featuring contemporary African American characters and culture and focusing on one or more of the following topics: character development, self-esteem, diversity, getting along with others, engaging with family and community, or other topics related to positive childhood development. Deadline:  June 30, 2019  Fee:  None  Prize:  $1000  View Contest 7.  2019 Nelligan Prize for Short Fiction The Nelligan Prize for Short Fiction was established in 2004 in memory of Liza Nelligan, a writer, editor, and friend of many in Colorado State University’s English Department, where she received her master’s degree in literature in 1992. By giving an award to the author of an outstanding short story each year, we hope to honor Nelligan’s life, her passion for writing, and her love of fiction. The Nelligan Prize is offered annually. The winner receives a $2,000 honorarium and the story is published in the fall/winter issue of  Colorado Review. Deadline:  March 14, 2019  Fee:  $15  Prize:  $2,000 View Contest 8.  SFC Literary Prize The biennial $50,000 Literary Prize is sponsored by St. Francis College to offer its support and encouragement to the literary community and mid-career authors who have recently published their 3rd to 5th work of fiction.   Self-published books and English translations are considered. The next Prize will be for work published between June 2017 and May 2019. Deadline:  May 15, 2019  Fee:  None  Prize: $15,000 View Contest 9.  The Restless Books Prize For New Immigrant  Writing The ethos of the modern world is defined by immigrants. Their stories have always been an essential component of our cultural consciousness, from Isaac Bashevis Singer to Isabel Allende, from Milan Kundera to Maxine Hong Kingston. In novels, short stories, memoirs, and works of journalism, immigrants have shown us what resilience and dedication we’re capable of, and have expanded our sense of what it means to be global citizens. In these times of intense xenophobia, it is more important than ever that these boundary-crossing stories reach the broadest possible audience. With that in mind, we are proud to present The Restless Books Prize for New Immigrant Writing. We are looking for extraordinary unpublished submissions from emerging writers of sharp, culture-straddling writing that addresses identity in a global age. Each year, a distinguished panel of judges will select a winning manuscript to be published by Restless Books. We can’t wait to read and share what the new voices of the world have to say. Deadline:  March  31, 2019  Fee:  None  Prize:  $10,000  View Contest 10.  Sarton Women's Book Awards The Sarton Women’s Book Awards are given annually to women authors writing chiefly about women in memoir, nonfiction, contemporary fiction, historical fiction, and young adult. The awards are limited to submissions originally written in English and published by small/independent publishers, university presses, and author-publishers (self-publishing authors).  The award program is named in honor of May Sarton, who is remembered for her outstanding contributions to women's literature as a memoirist, novelist, and poet. Deadline:  July 1, 2019 (Early Bird Entry)  Fee:  $90 (Early Bird Fee)  Ã‚  Prize:  $100 + commemorative medallion and advertising considerations  View Contest 11.  6th Ó Bhà ©al Five Words International Poetry Competition The O Bheal Five Words Poetry Competition is one of the more unique competitions on this list. Instead of opening yearly or even quarterly, this contest is held weekly. Every Tuesday around noon (UTC), from the 16th of April 2019 until the 28th of January 2020, five words are posted on the competitions page. Entrants have one week to compose and submit one or more poems which include all five words given for that week. One winner is selected from all the weekly winners. Deadline:  Weekly, through January 28, 2020  Fee:  Ã¢â€š ¬5  Prize:  Ã¢â€š ¬500  View Contest 12.  L. Ron Hubbard’s Writers of the Future Contest Ron Hubbard’s Writers of the Future Contest is an opportunity for new writers of science fiction and fantasy to have their work judged by some of the masters in the field and discovered by a wide audience. Deadline:  March 31, 2019  Fee: None  Prize: Up to $5,000 View Contest 13. Writer's Digest Annual Writing Competition Writer’s Digest has been shining a spotlight on up and coming writers in all genres through its Annual Writing Competition for more than 80 years. Enter our 88th Annual Writing Competition for your chance to win and have your work be seen by editors and agents! Almost 500 winners will be chosen. The top winning entries of this writing contest will also be on display in the 88th Annual  Writer’s Digest Competition Collection. Deadline:  May 6, 2019  Fee:  $25  Prize:  $5,000 View Contest 14.  Drue Heinz Literature Award The Drue Heinz Literature Prize recognizes and supports writers of short fiction and makes their work available to readers around the world. The award is open to authors who have published a book-length collection of fiction or at least three short stories or novellas in commercial magazines or literary journals. Manuscripts are judged anonymously by nationally known writers. Past judges have included Robert Penn Warren, Joyce Carol Oates, Raymond Carver, Margaret Atwood, Russell Banks, Rick Moody, and Joan Didion. Winners receive a cash prize of $15,000, publication by the University of Pittsburgh Press, and support in the nation-wide promotion of their book. Deadline:  June 30, 2019  Fee:None  Prize:$15,000  View Contest 15.  Agnes Lynch Starrett Poetry Prize Established in 1981, the Agnes Lynch Starrett Poetry Prize is administered by theUniversity of Pittsburgh Press. Named in honor of Agnes Lynch Starrett, the Press’sfirst director, the prize is awarded for a first full-length book of poems. The prize carries a cash award of $5,000 and publication by the University ofPittsburgh Press as part of the Pitt Poetry Series. The series  is edited by Ed Ochester, who also serves as final judge in the Starrett competition. Deadline:  April 30, 2019  Fee: $25  Prize:  $5,000  View Contest 16.  Miami Book Fair/ De Groot Prize The Miami Book Fair, the nation’s finest and largest literary gathering, presented by Miami Dade College, has partnered with The de Groot Foundation to launch the Miami Book Fair/De Groot Prize to be awarded to an author for an unpublished novella. Deadline:  April 30, 2019  Fee:None  Prize:  $6,000 and publication by Melville House   View Contest 17.  Write The World Founded in 2012 by David Weinstein, Write The World is a program dedicated to the development of high school aged writers. They’ve created a global community and a guided interactive process that’s subscribed to by thousands of youth writers and educators. Image via: Write the World Their current competition is a food writing competition. Writers aged 13-18 may submit a 600 - 1,000 word essay about food. Along with cash prizes of up to $100, youth writers will receive recognition from the global Write The World community. Deadline:  Monthly  Fee:  None  Prize:  Up to $100  View Contest 18.  ServiceScape Short Story Award 2019 Calling all short story writers: Are you a short story writer interested in gaining more exposure and a bigger audience for your creative work? Would an extra  $1,000.00 USD  in your pocket be a great thing right now? If so,  the ServiceScape Short Story Award is the perfect way to achieve both. For this award, any genre or theme of short story is accepted. All applicants should submit their original unpublished work of short fiction or nonfiction, 5,000 words or fewer, to be considered. Along with receiving an award for  $1,000.00 USD, the winner will have his or her short story featured within our blog, which reaches thousands of readers per month. Rules and exclusions apply.    Deadline:  November 30, 2019  Fee:  None  Prize:  $1,000  View Contest 19.  Narrative Prize 2019 THE $4,000 NARRATIVE PRIZE  is awarded annually for the best short story, novel excerpt, poem, one-act play, graphic story, or work of literary nonfiction published by a new or emerging writer in  Narrative. The winner is announced each September, and the prize is awarded in October. The award, citing the winner’s name and the title and genre of the winning piece, is widely publicized, and each winner is cited in an ongoing listing in  Narrative. The prize will be given to the best work published each year in  Narrative  by a new or emerging writer, as judged by the magazine’s editors. In some years, the prize may be divided between winners, when more than one work merits the award. Deadline:  June 15, 2019  Fee:None  Prize:  $4,000  View Contest 20.  Architecture of Power: Short Story Contest Welcome to 2019; polarizing political views are an ever-present reality and it doesn't seem to be improving. Whether you live in the US or on the other side of the globe our environments are actors in the theater of influence. What happens when design becomes part of the equation?Write a short story that puts into narrative how architecture and the built-environment affect the lives of the people in power and those on the fringes of society. Deadline:  February 28th, 2019  Ã‚  Fee:  $25  Prize:  $500 + Bonus  View Contest - There are many good reasons to enter writing contests. First and foremost, there is the possibility of winning a cash prize. Secondly, having your name attached to a popular literary magazine or writing organization can help get your work seen. With that said, before taking the plunge, be sure to read the contest guidelines thoroughly. Some writing contests have regional, age, gender, ethnicity, and word count restrictions. If you’ve found what you’re looking for, don’t delay, get writing! Writing competitions are one of the best ways for writers to get their work in front of a broad audience.    Carlton Clark loves to write about business, baseball, and popular culture. A writer, marketer, and entrepreneur. At the age of 14, he founded the media company  ballplayerplus.com. Currently, Carlton helps businesses share their stories through social media and blogging. When he’s not writing or creating content, Carlton coaches youth baseball at his local high school and plays guitar. You can find him online on Instagram @itscarltonclark, and on Twitter @carlton_mukasa

Photography essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Photography - Essay Example This saw magazines increasing in number, with a peak in 20th century; between 19820s and 1980s. However, the increased use of internet, there has been a decline in print media. However the impact of some important images still resonates from century to century. During the twentieth century, documentary and fine art photography were accepted by English-speaking gallery system and art world. In United States, the pioneer photographers like Alfred Stieglitz and Edward Weston had spent their lives in advocating for photography to be used as fine art. This saw a culminating moment for photography in 1910 for both pictorialism and photography after Albright Gallery from Buffalo purchased 15 photographs. This marked the initial point for recognition of photography as an art, and was worthy of being collecting for museum representation. This paper analyzes photographs, with an explanation given for each photograph chosen (Lucie-Smith 57). Cartier-Bresson’s used photography to represent individual moments in time through freezing, holding and recreating them. Due to this approach, Cartier-Bresson has been perceived as the pioneer of photojournalism. This responded to accuracy spontaneity and ephemeral racing tempo for modern culture. The photomontage, Roving Reporter, represents the modern technologies that have played a critical role in transforming the world by influencing the ability of people to communicate. The camera eyed colossal observer demonstrates the ability of photography in altering and enhancing senses. During the early 20th century, such medium provided a potential transformative vision for the artists who searched for ways through which they could represent and comprehend the rapidly changing world (Misselbeck 14). The photography had been used extensively to represent the African American body. This replaced the traditional modes that were used

Personality Description Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Personality Description Paper - Essay Example Personality, hence, has an impact on future success in the school and the workplace. This student is conscientious and analytical, but sensitive to the emotions and needs of others, and he works best with people who are creative, logical, and empathic, which has implications for being a transformational leader with contingency framework values. Some of the defining traits of this student are conscientiousness and analytical thinking. As a non-native speaker, it is important to work extra hard in completing assignments and doing school work. According to the temperament graph and feedback from others, the student is dedicated in self-improvement. He shows conscientiousness in enhancing the skills and knowledge needed to complete academic tasks. Furthermore, this student shows persistence in going beyond mediocrity. The Johari window information reveals a strong similarity between what people see and the hidden area of this student, especially regarding determination. This student believes that hard work pays, and his friends and classmates see that he is a hard working student and team member. The blind self shows that these friends think that sometimes, this student is underestimating his growth. They say that he is pushing himself too hard at times and being too critical of his achievements. These sentiments give an idea to this student that he must be a perfectionist to some extent because of high expectations of his own skills. The hidden area in the Johari window is believed to be extroversion. His classmates think that he is an extrovert because of his efforts in socializing with others and being sensitive to their emotions. In reality, this student sees himself as more of an introvert. The MBTI or Myers-Briggs Type Indicator supports this personal assessment, where this student finds solitude in thinking and working alone. Nevertheless, when needed to work in groups, he is willing to adapt and to become a leader or

Multicultural Education by Keith Wilson Essay Example for Free

Multicultural Education by Keith Wilson Essay Multicultural education relates to education and instruction designed for the cultures of several different races in an educational system. This approach to teaching and learning is based upon consensus building, respect, and fostering cultural pluralism within racial societies. Multicultural education acknowledges and incorporates positive racial idiosyncrasies into classroom atmospheres. Pros of Multicultural Education A significant demographic transformation is on the horizon for the United States of America. Bennett (1995) estimates that by the year 2000, over 30 percent of our school age population will be children of color (p. 18). Additionally, research has indicated that ethnic minority students are disproportionately poor, dropping out of school, being suspended or expelled, and achieving far below their potential relative to the ethnic majority (Bennett, 1995). Consequently, teachers must prepare themselves and their children for the ever changing challenge of interacting and communicating with diverse races. Reduction of fear, ignorance, and personal detachment are possible benefits to a Multicultural education. The following excerpts are taken from Paul Gorski (1995), a University of Virginia Doctoral student during a case study interview: The idea of political correctness with the black race astounds me. I found it extremely interesting that some blacks in our class prefer to be called African American. In all of my classes I have felt like I was stepping on egg shells as to not offend the blacks in my class. I am honestly glad it is not that big of an issue to my fellow classmatesit promotes a more comfortable, genuine environment for me to be totally honest and carefree. Initially, the student interviewed in the case study reflected an attitude that would probably not facilitate consensus building, respect for other cultures, or fostering of cultural pluralism within different racial communities and in the classroom. However, with integrated curriculum, social activities, administrative support, and staff training, fear, ignorance, and personal detachment may be notably reduced in both students and teachers. Benefits to multicultural education can help to eliminate the crux of stereotyping, prejudice, racism, and bigotry (Fear, Ignorance, dis-ownership). Case study analyzed: 1. fear: I have felt like I was stepping on egg shells as to not offend blacks in my classes 2. ignorance: I found it extremely interesting that some blacks in our class prefer to be called African American. 3. dis-ownership: I am honestly glad it is not that big of an issue to my fellow classmates. The writer agrees with Hilliard and Pine (1990), if Americans are to embrace diversity, the conscious and unconscious expressions of racism (sexism) within our society must be identified and done away with (p. ). Multicultural education is the potential catalyst to bring all races together in harmony. Cons of Multicultural Education According to some views, if one wants to alienate and further fragment the communication and rapport between ethnic groups, implement multicultural education. As stated by Bennett (1995), to dwell on cultural differences is to foster negative prejudices and stereotypes, and that is human nature to view those who are different as inferior (p. 29). Thus, multicultural education will enhance feelings of being atypical. Schools in America may see multicultural education as a way to color blind their students to differences. Administrators may view the color blind approach as a gate keeper that assures equal treatment and justice for all students and as a way to facilitate compatibility and sameness of all cultures. A common statement from this line of thinking is, we are more alike than different. We should focus on the similarities and not the differences to achieve greater equanimity among the races. Ethnicity is breaking up many nations. If one looks at the former Soviet Union, India, Yugoslavia, and Ethiopia, all countries are in some type of crisis. Closer to home, one observes the divisiveness of the Rodney King and O. J. Simpson trials in our country, we can see how focusing on race and multiculturalism may lead to a further divisiveness between the races in America. Over time, multicultural education may have unplanned for and undesired consequences. For example, multicultural education rejects the historic American goals of assimilation and integration of ethnic cultures into the majority culture. Hence, the perception may result that America is a country of distinct ethnic groups, as opposed to a more traditional view of the country that involves individuals making decisions for the good of the order (Schlesinger, 1991). Multicultural education may increase the resentment encountered by students who feel that changes in school traditions, curriculum, and academic standards are not necessary to get along and respect students from ethnic minorities. Since many institutions resist change of any kind, passive resistance on the part of the administration may simulate acceptance of the tenants of Multicultural education. Of course, excepting the tenants of multicultural education should be avoided with enthusiasm and optimism. What would real Multicultural Education look like? The writer submits that multicultural education must have, as its crux, the below defining characteristics to achieve its purposes for students, teachers, parents, and administrators of the school system: a) a learning environment that supports positive interracial contact; b) a multicultural curriculum; c) positive teacher expectations; d) administrative support; and, e) teacher training workshops (Bennett, 1995). If one of the features is absent, frustration and heightened resentment may occur as backlash behaviors multiply. The effects of a positive multicultural climate may manifest in a number of ways, such as: a) diminished pockets of segregation among student body; b) less racial tension in the schools; c) increased ethnic minority retention and classroom performance; and, d) inclusion of a multicultural curriculum. In short, the multicultural educational environment should not be a microcosm of our present American society, with regard to issues of diversity and tolerance. Many factors determine a successful multicultural atmosphere, but the features as outlined above may be important indications of success. Administrative support for multicultural education is critical. How can a house stand if the foundation is fragile. Multicultural education will be as successful as commitment to it by school administrators. Regardless of the level of commitment (local, state, and/or national), programs initiated under the guise of multiculturalism must receive reinforcement from administrators who are accountable for the success of established multicultural initiatives. A key factor in any proposed multicultural initiative is curriculum development. A multicultural curriculum should be considered for several reasons: a) provides alternative points of view relative to information already taught in most educational systems; b) provides ethnic minorities with a sense of being inclusive in history, science etc. and, c) decreases stereotypes, prejudice, bigotry, and racism in America and the world. A significant demographic transformation is on the horizon for American schools. Educational institutions have been dictated too long by attitudes, values, beliefs, and value systems of one race and class of people. The future of our universe is demanding a positive change for all (Hilliard Pine, 1990).

Radio Frequency Identification Essay examples -- Technology, Communica

I. INTRODUCTION RADIO frequency identification (RFID) technology is gaining attention both from academicians and from practitioners. RFID has the potential to serve as a fundamental technology for ubiquitous services where both objects and people can be identified automatically via attached RFID tags [35]. However, with the promise of RFID technology come issues that need to be addressed for its widespread acceptance by consumers. For example, the use of RFID technology by retailers and government agencies raises questions about potential violation of personal information privacy [35], and potential security threats to personal information [40]. Motivated by such issues, this study proposes and validates a theoretical model of consumer acceptance of RFID technology. The proposed model is developed based on the extant literature and provides a theoretical framework of the critical factors that determine the consumer’s acceptance of RFID technology. A contribution of this paper involves reviewing the technology acceptance model (TAM) Manuscript received September 1, 2006; revised June 27, 2007. Review of this manuscript was arranged by Department Editor A. Chakrabarti. The authors are with the Information Technology and Decision Sciences Department, College of Business Administration, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76201 USA (e-mail: hossainm@unt.edu; prybutok@unt.edu). Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/TEM.2008.919728 and contextualizing it to the RFID technology. This contextualization is done with the intent of extending the TAM to the acceptance of a specific technology—RFID technology. This study is the first in the RFID literature to utilize and contextualize the TAM for explaining consumer a... ...chnology. Perceived usefulness is defined as the extent that individuals believe their job performance is enhanced by using a particular technology. Perceived ease of use is defined as the extent to which an individual believes that using a particular system is free of effort. TAM also postulates that perceived ease of use is a predictor of perceived usefulness. Researchers have utilized and validated TAM for use with numerous types of technology [51]. Some studies suggest that TAMsuccessfully predicts an individual’s acceptance of various corporate information technologies [1], [8], [12], [39]. According to Straub et al. [42], TAM may hold across technologies, people, settings, and times. Recently, TAM has its footprints in e-commerce [50], [51], and mobile service [46]. This study expands TAMto the study of consumer acceptance of the RFID technology.

Explore the Relationship Shown Towards Curley’s Wife by Crooks and Candy

Explore the relationship shown towards Curley’s wife by Crooks and Candy. Section 4 In the extract given Crooks and Candy talk to Curley’s wife. In the extract we see Curley’s wife approach crooks and Candy and we see the relationship between them and how it explores how they have no respect for Curley’s wife.In the extract crooks approaches and insults Curley’s wife, which is quite significant as he is a black man and in the 1930’s Many black people were not respected and treated badly so the fact he has the courage to stand up to Curley’s wife suggests that he loathes her and does not care whether he gets in troubles as he disrespects her and does not care about her, this suggests that the relationship between crooks and Curleys wife is that Crooks is not showing any respect to Curleys wife even though he is black and she is white which states that he doesn’t care about hierarchy if someone is disloyal to their husband.Candy a lso has a similar relationship with Curley’s wife as he also gets angry when she enters crooks’ room he says â€Å"if you were to do that we’d tell† this suggests that even though he does not get angry and even though he is a fragile old man he still believes that he can tell off Curley’s wife however he then backs down as he realises that a black man and an old fragile man cannot do anything against her so they both back down and we see the true nature of Curley’s wife as she gets angry.When Candy and Crooks start to retaliate against Curleys wife she becomes angry and authorative as she says to crooks â€Å"Listen nigger; you know what I can do to you if you open your trap† the fact Steinbeck uses words like nigger suggests she does not respect him at all and believes is not worth anything and she then refers to his mouth being a â€Å"trap† which suggests that she thinks that he is not supposed to be respected and his mouth is like a trap as it will get her trapped if he says anything but it can also be seen as a insult as it is so disgusting it traps anything so we see that there is no respect towards Crooks.However when she approaches Candy she is slightly more respectful as he is white and old so she cannot be mean but rather she threatens him as she sys â€Å"nobody’d listen to you† which threatens him as she says that even if she did something nobody would trust a old man or a â€Å"Nigger† Lennie is also present in the room while this conversation is going on however he does not say anything as previously in the book George told him to stay away from her but Lennie does say â€Å"I wishGeorge was here† this states that he feels insecure and troubled with her around her and wants George there for advice and protection which reinstates his innocence towards anyone however candy does comfort him as he says â€Å"don’t you worry none† which suggests that Cand y cares and wants to look after Lennie as he is his new business partner in their true American dream towards buying their own ranch, however this shows how curleys wife scares Lennie as he was told to stay away he finds her scary and as he wants to â€Å"tend the rabbits† doesn’t want to get in trouble.To conclude the relationship between curleys wife and crooks and candy is, Crooks and candy stand up to her as they hate and disrespect her so much for being disloyal however as crooks is a nigger and candy is an old man they find out they have no poor to the ranch boss’s son’s wife so they understand there is nothing to do about her so they just silently hate her and don’t say anything as they know they have no authority over her, so for the safety of their life and job they do nothing.

Customers bank Essay

For Businesses to survive they need to rely on customers buying their goods or services sales can also come from other businesses or members of the public. 1) Goods are what are sold to the customer . For example businesses like wholesalers and retailers sell goods. Goods are tangible things, they are used up. Goods are made up of materials like woods, food and cotton. 2) Services Services are sold also but are not tangible, you can’t see them. A service is a skill which is provided in order to help the customer or business. Services include National Health, Banking, Teaching and the police. 3) Business to business Businesses can offer their goods and service to other business. For example an airline company will purchase the services of a catering company. They do this so they don’t waste time making their own food. 4) Business to customer Business also sell goods and services to customers or individuals. For example banks offer their financial services to individuals who need loans or advice. Sales Documents 1) Order received ( see example 5) This document is produced by the supplier and is sent to the customer. This is used to conform with the customer what they have ordered. Details like the product description and how many they require are written down. 2) Sales Invoice (see Example 6) This document is sent to the customer to tell them how much they owe. Its similar to the purchase invoice and includes things like VAT and discounts. Also it includes the description of the product. The sales invoice is different because its’s only issued when a good has been delivered and has not paid for unless the customer has paid immediately. Delivery Note (see Example 7) A delivery note is given to the customer when the goods are delivered. The documents tells you what has been delivered and how many has been delivered. Also on it is the customers address so its similar to the goods received note. This document is a security measure so the right goods end up in the right place. The delivery note is given to the driver of the truck who deliver the goods and is then passed on to the customer. Sales Credit Note (see Example 8) This document is used by the customer in the event of an error in the supplied goods. For example if you bought a pair of shoes returned home and found a tear in them you can ask for a refund or accept a sales Credit Note. This would allow you to return to the shop in the future and exchange the note for a good or goods of the same value. The credit note is issued by the supplier and is sent to the customer. Statement of Account ( see Example 9) A statement of account is sent by a supplier to a customer. It states all transactions made in the month by the customer, any money outstanding, the total amount of money due on each invoice and the total balance which has to be paid. Remittance Advice (see Example 10) A remittance advice slip will often accompany the statement of account form. It is sent with cheque by the customer. This slip helps the supplier accurately process the payment when it is received. The supplier issues the remittance advice slip and the customer makes use of it by matching it with the invoice or statement of account and then sends it back with the cheque or other payment, this makes it easier for the supplier to match up cheque to invoices When you pay for something in cash you need some sort of proof you’re bought it. The proof you need is to collect a receipt. This is needed if you want to make a refund or if you want to exchange your product for something else. The receipt is written proof of your purchase and should include the following:- The date, Receipt number, Name of company, Description of the product, Amount paid (inc. VAT). A copy of the receipt is kept by the payee for their records and to provide evidence of VAT for recording purposes. Cheque (see Example 12) When you pay for something by cheque the cheque the cheque itself is a proof of purchase so a receipt is not needed. The cheque is similar to the receipt and will include the date and the amount. But the cheque also has the name of the person you are paying. The cheque will then be taken by that person to their bank to be cashed. A cheque is a receipt because when you pay by cheque shows up on your bank statement which acts as a receipt. Paying-in slips (see Example 13) Paying-in slips are used to put money into a bank account. This slip has a detachable section which is given with the cash and cheque the bank who place the money into the account. Left over is a section which is stamped to show that the money will be credited to our your account. On the slip is the amount deposited, the date and the name of the bank. Paying in slips vary from bank to bank. Banking statement (see Example 14 ) If you have a bank account you will also have a Bank statements. These are used to tell how much you have in your account, how much money you deposited and how much you have withdrawn and to see how much you invest you have earned It also tells you where and when you took your money out. Bank statements are basically used to keep track of your money. Cash is the most common way to pay. Its comes in two forms, coins and banknotes. In addition to this there are different note and coins which represent different amounts. Banknotes and coins can be copied or forged so it is wise to check the notes are genuine. Credit Card. Credit Card are alternatives to cash or cheques. They can be used at home and abroad wherever they are accepted. Instead of handing over cash or a transaction voucher by the customer. This voucher is then sent to the bank, who then sent the customer a statement saying hour much they owe. The statement usually takes a long time to arrive so the cardholder has time to come up with the money they owe. This is the interest free period, but interest is changed if the account is not cleared in that period. Debit Card A Debit Card is basically a cheque book and cheque card combined. At the point of purchase the money is debited from the customers bank account, after which a transaction voucher has to be signed by the customer so that company knows the right person has used the right card. Also so the company can keep a record of whom has shopped at their establishment. PC5 Importance of security It is very important that financial transactions are recorded clearly and accurately to protect them from theft, fraud and criminal damage . Security checks are there to prevent fraud, theft and to ensure high standards of honesty. By constantly checking records and by special equipment which can detect security checks.

A Rose for Emily

A Rose for Emily In this passage, close to the end of the short story A Rose for Emily, and at the end of Miss Emily’s life as an eccentric figure in the life of the town, Faulkner literally lays out the dead woman for the reader. In a mere two sentences, one very short, and the other very long, this passage shows how the environment of this small Southern community could foster colourful personalities and peculiar behaviours.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on A Rose for Emily specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It also hints at how a character such as Miss Emily could survive so long, and so unfettered by the constraints that seem to limit others in the town, shielded by an obsession with the past. The author uses vivid language, extended metaphor, and a rambling sentence structure to achieve this effect. The first sentence is almost abruptly brief. The relatives do their duty, promptly and correctly, just as they should, and the first, minimalist sentence signals that. There may be little love between these relatives from Alabama, who were, as noted earlier, â€Å"even more Grierson than Miss Emily had ever been† (Faulkner). However, they do what is expected for relations and no more, just like the sentence itself. The second sentence is discursive in the extreme. It begins by announcing the funeral, describes Miss Emily’s bier, the many attendees, their states of mind and their deportment. It ends by disclosing the overall confusion of past and present that Faulkner portrays as seeming endemic to the American South. This prepares the reader for the later revelation of Miss Emily’s madness. After hearing about her unwillingness to acknowledge her father’s death, and the Confederate veterans’ blithe mental abolishment of several decades of history, the reader is not totally surprised by Miss Emily’s ultimate gruesome preservation of the past in murdering her lover an d then co-sleeping with his corpse for the next several decades. While he does not use any obvious similes, Faulkner uses an extended metaphor to compare the elderly veterans’ foggy perception of the past to an ever-green field. The images he evokes are of a fondly recalled antebellum golden age of courtship and dancing. He personifies the crayon portrait of the senior Grierson, referring back to the ill-fated visit by the Aldermen regarding Miss Emily’s taxes. This are yet more references to the story’s theme that the dead and the past linger on unwholesomely, relating backwards to her refusal to relinquish her dad’s remains, and forward to the funeral attendees’ discovery of her nearly mummified lover.Advertising Looking for essay on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Faulkner effectively evokes the susurration of whispered gossip by the use of ‘s’ s ounds, for example, second, Miss, mass, face, musing, ladies, and the onomatopoeic sibilant. The devices he uses change slightly when he begins speaking of the Civil War veterans in attendance. Here he uses parallelism in indicating where around the house the veterans are chatting, and in the three verbs that describe their foggy state off mind; talking, believing, and confusing. He uses antithesis to introduce the central metaphor of the passage (not†¦but instead). At the end of the passage, he could have said ‘untouched by the years’, but he stretches out the idea and suggests tentativeness by saying â€Å"never quite touches† (Faulkner). The passage includes concrete words, describing the veterans’ well-groomed old uniforms for example, and abstract ones describing, for example, their state of mind, or the physical impossibility of the inanimate portrait actually thinking. He uses polysyllabic words (e.g., macabre) when he needs them, and short sim ple Anglo-Saxon words (e.g., courted) when they are necessary. His verbs are active, but in this passage, they are not words describing physical action. They describe internal, mental, or emotional activity. What distinguishes his writing is his mastery of carefully constructed balanced subordinate clauses, creating beautiful and meticulously correct run-on sentences. This approach conveys, in this instance the sound of an older person rambling on about something, recalling items in mid-speech. In general, throughout Faulkner’s work, as in this passage, these stylistic devices convey the complexity and nuanced nature of relationships in the small towns he portrays. The result is an evocative and utterly scary murder mystery – solved. Faulkner, William. A Rose for Emily. The Harbrace Anthology of Short Fiction. Ed. Jon C Stott, Raymond E Jones and Rick Bowers. 2nd. Toronto, 1998. 144-150. paperback. 3 May 2013. https://www.amazon.com/The-Harbrace-anthology-short-fictio n/dp/0774736097.

American Revolution - Early Campaigns of the American Revolution

American Revolution - Early Campaigns of the American Revolution Previous: Causes of Conflict | American Revolution 101 | Next: New York, Philadelphia, Saratoga Opening Shots: Lexington Concord Following several years of rising tensions and the occupation of Boston by British troops, the military governor of Massachusetts, General Thomas Gage, began efforts to secure the colonys military supplies to keep them from the Patriot militias. These actions received official sanction on April 14, 1775, when orders arrived from London commanding him to disarm the militias and to arrest key colonial leaders. Believing the militias to be hoarding supplies at Concord, Gage made plans for part of his force to march and occupy the town. On April 16, Gage sent a scouting party out of the city towards Concord which gathered intelligence, but also alerted the colonials to British intentions. Aware of Gages orders, many key colonial figures, such as John Hancock and Samuel Adams, left Boston to seek safety in the country. Two days later, Gage ordered Lieutenant Colonel Francis Smith to prepare a 700-man force to sortie from the city. Aware of British interest in Concord, many of the supplies were quickly moved to other towns. Around 9:00-10:00 that night, Patriot leader Dr. Joseph Warren informed Paul Revere and William Dawes that the British would be embarking that night for Cambridge and the road to Lexington and Concord. Departing the city by separate routes, Revere and Dawes made their famous ride west to warn that the British were approaching. In Lexington, Captain John Parker gathered the towns militia and had them form into ranks on the town green with orders not to fire unless fired upon. Around sunrise, the British vanguard, led by Major John Pitcairn, arrived in the village. Riding forward, Pitcairn demanded that Parkers men disperse and lay down their arms. Parker partially complied and ordered his men to go home, but to retain their muskets. As his men began to move, a shot rang out from an unknown source. This led to an exchange of fire which saw Pitcairns horse hit twice. Surging forward the British drove the militia from the green. When the smoke cleared, eight of the militia were dead and another ten wounded. One British soldier was injured in the exchange. Departing Lexington, the British pushed on towards Concord. Outside of the town, the Concord militia, unsure of what had transpired at Lexington, fell back and took up a position on a hill across the North Bridge. The British occupied the town and broke into detachments to search for the colonial munitions. As they began their work, the Concord militia, led by Colonel James Barrett, was reinforced as other towns militias arrived on the scene. A short time later fighting broke out near the North Bridge with the British being forced back into the town. Gathering his men, Smith began the return march to Boston. As the British column moved, it was attacked by colonial militia which took up concealed positions along the road. Though reinforced at Lexington, Smiths men continued to take punishing fire until they reached the safety of Charlestown. All told, Smiths men suffered 272 casualties. Rushing to Boston, the militia effectively placed the city under siege. As news of the fighting spread, they were joined by militia from neighboring colonies, ultimately forming an army of over 20,000. The Battle of Bunker Hill On the night of June 16/17, 1775, colonial forces moved onto the Charlestown Peninsula with the goal of securing high ground from which to bombard British forces in Boston. Led by Colonel William Prescott, they initially established a position atop Bunker Hill, before moving forward to Breeds Hill. Using plans drawn by Captain Richard Gridley, Prescotts men began constructing a redoubt and lines extending northeast towards the water. Around 4:00 AM, a sentry on HMS Lively spotted the colonials and the ship opened fire. It was later joined by other British ships in the harbor, but their fire had little effect. Alerted to the American presence, Gage began organizing men to take the hill and gave command of the assault force to Major General William Howe. Transporting his men across the Charles River, Howe ordered Brigadier General Robert Pigot to directly attack Prescotts position while a second force worked around the colonial left flank to attack from behind. Aware that the British were planning an attack, General Israel Putnam dispatched reinforcements to Prescotts aid. These took up a position along fence which extended to the water near Prescotts lines. Moving forward, Howes first attack was met my massed musket fire from the American troops. Falling back, the British reformed and attacked again with the same result. During this time, Howes reserve, near Charlestown, was taking sniper fire from the town. To eliminate this, the navy opened fire with heated shot and effectively burned Charlestown to the ground. Ordering his reserve forward, Howe launched a third attack with all of his forces. With the Americans nearly out of ammunition, this assault succeeded in carrying the works and forced the militia to retreat off the Charlestown Peninsula. Though a victory, the Battle of Bunker Hill cost the British 226 killed (including Major Pitcairn) and 828 wounded. The high cost of the battle caused British Major General Henry Clinton to remark, A few more such victories would have shortly put an end to British dominion in America. Previous: Causes of Conflict | American Revolution 101 | Next: New York, Philadelphia, Saratoga Previous: Causes of Conflict | American Revolution 101 | Next: New York, Philadelphia, Saratoga The Invasion of Canada On May 10, 1775, the Second Continental Congress convened in Philadelphia. A month later on June 14, they formed the Continental Army and chose George Washington of Virginia as its commander-in-chief. Traveling to Boston, Washington took command of the army in July. Among Congress other goals was the capture of Canada. Efforts had been made the previous year to encourage French-Canadians to join the thirteen colonies in opposing British rule. These advances were rebuffed, and Congress authorized the formation of the Northern Department, under Major General Philip Schuyler, with orders to take Canada by force. Schuylers efforts were made easier by the actions of Colonel Ethan Allen of Vermont, who along with Colonel Benedict Arnold, captured Fort Ticonderoga on May 10, 1775. Located at the base of Lake Champlain, the fort provided an ideal springboard for attacking Canada. Organizing a small army, Schuyler fell ill and was forced to turn command over to Brigadier General Richard Montgomery. Moving up the lake, he captured Fort St. Jean on November 3, after a 45-day siege. Pressing on, Montgomery occupied Montreal ten days later when Canadian governor Major General Sir Guy Carleton withdrew to Quebec City without a fight. With Montreal secured, Montgomery departed for Quebec City on November 28 with 300 men. While Montgomerys army had been attacking through the Lake Champlain corridor, a second American force, under Arnold moved up the Kennebec River in Maine. Anticipating the march from Fort Western to Quebec City to take 20 days, Arnolds 1,100-man column encountered problems shortly after departing. Leaving September 25, his men endured starvation and disease before finally reaching Quebec on November 6, with around 600 men. Though he outnumbered the citys defenders, Arnold lacked artillery and could not penetrate its fortifications. On December 3, Montgomery arrived and the two American commanders joined forces. As the Americans planned their attack, Carleton reinforced the city raising the number of defenders to 1,800. Moving forward on the night of December 31, Montgomery and Arnold assaulted the city with the latter attacking from the west and the former from the north. In the resulting Battle of Quebec, American forces were repulsed with Montgomery killed in action. The surviving Americans retreated from the city and were placed under the command of Major General John Thomas. Arriving on May 1, 1776, Thomas found American forces weakened by disease and numbering fewer than a thousand. Seeing no other choice, he began retreating up the St. Lawrence River. On June 2, Thomas died of smallpox and command devolved to Brigadier General John Sullivan who had recently arrived with reinforcements. Attacking the British at Trois-Rivià ¨res on June 8, Sullivan was defeated and forced to retreat to Montreal and then south towards Lake Champlain. Seizing the initiative, Carleton pursued the Americans with the goal of reclaiming the lake and invading the colonies from the north. These efforts were blocked on October 11, when a scratch-built American fleet, led by Arnold, won a strategic naval victory at the Battle of Valcour Island. Arnolds efforts prevented a northern British invasion in 1776. The Capture of Boston While Continental forces were suffering in Canada, Washington maintained the siege of Boston. With his men lacking supplies and ammunition, Washington turned down several plans for assaulting the city. In Boston, conditions for the British worsened as winter weather approached and American privateers hampered their re-supply by sea. Seeking advice to break the stalemate, Washington consulted artilleryman Colonel Henry Knox in November 1775. Knox proposed a plan for transporting the guns captured at Fort Ticonderoga to the siege lines at Boston. Approving his plan, Washington immediately dispatched Knox north. Loading the forts guns on boats and sledges, Knox moved 59 guns and mortars down Lake George and across Massachusetts. The 300-mile journey lasted 56 days from December 5, 1775 to January 24, 1776. Pressing through severe winter weather, Knox arrived at Boston with the tools to break the siege. On the night of March 4/5, Washingtons men moved onto Dorchester Heights with their newly acquired guns. From this position, the Americans commanded both the city and the harbor. The next day, Howe, who had taken command from Gage, decided to assault the heights. As his men prepared, a snow storm rolled in preventing the attack. During the delay, Howes aids, remembering Bunker Hill, convinced him to cancel the assault. Seeing that he had no choice, Howe contacted Washington on March 8 with the message that the city would not be burned if the British were allowed to leave unmolested. On March 17, the British departed Boston and sailed for Halifax, Nova Scotia. Later in the day, American troops triumphantly entered the city. Washington and the army remained in the area until April 4, when they moved south to defend against an attack on New York. Previous: Causes of Conflict | American Revolution 101 | Next: New York, Philadelphia, Saratoga