Hard Times as a Novel of Social Realism Is Wholly...

‘Hard Time’s as a novel of social realism is wholly unsuccessful. Do you agree? ‘Hard Times’ is a novel based on a short visit made by the author Charles Dickens to a town similar to ‘Coketown’ called Preston. He made this journey in an attempt to identify the social problem of the exploitation of factory workers. Dickens was sensitive to the social abuses which pervaded the Victorian society and so with an approach of a utilitarian denial of human imagination; he used the factories of the fictional Coketown and juxtaposed them with the contrasting, imaginative and bizarre world of Sleary’s circus. ‘Hard Times’ therefore deals with a range of social issues including divisions of a working class, rights of the ‘common people’ to engage in†¦show more content†¦The character who leads the circus, Sleary, could be perceived as an solution to the problem. In his speech ‘People mutht be amuthed. They cant alwayth be learning, nor yet they cant alwayth be working, they aint made for it’. H e speaks out against the industrial leaders of education, Gradgrind and Bounderby. Their view of life is solely materialist indicated by their methods of teaching, or rather enforcing facts upon anyone and everyone. This perception of life can and will be very limiting and is portrayed by Dickens throughout the novel showing how disastrously this way of life can fail. ‘Now what I want is facts, teach these boys and girls facts and nothing else.’ Dickens aim in this line of action could be to discredit the policies of this teaching method. The characters in Hard times are all what would be termed ‘flat’. There is no development. In the introduction of a character, the most prominent aspects are detailed such as Bounderby’s ‘Large brown protuberant eyes’ and there is an indication of the background of the character, however this introduction is held throughout the novel and lasts until the end of the narrative. The reader is given a psychological portrait of Bounderby for example as a ‘self-made man.’ He is an individual capitalist and arguably Capitalism personified. Dickens portrays the only favorable quality of this character to be that he has dragged himself from the impoverished society in which he was born, to theShow MoreRelatedShort Summary of the Great Gatsby11203 Words   |  45 Pagesfigure in the literary life of the university and made lifelong friendships with Edmund Wilson and John Peale Bishop. Despite these social coups, Fitzgerald struggled academically, a nd eventually flunked out of Princeton. Though he was able to return to university the following fall, Fitzgerald could not overcome the crushing humiliation he felt at the loss of all of his hard-won positions. In November 1917, he left Princeton in order to join the army. 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A Report on Trade Between EU Countries - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2197 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Economics Essay Did you like this example? Trade between EU countries Table of Contents EU Countries Trade History Evolution of Trade (import and fares) Trade Structure Main trading Partners: Challenges and difficulties in global trade Future prospects Conclusion Bibliography EU Countries Trade History The European Unions policy of trade must be seen as basic two elements. The primary element is based on its own significance in the global world as a major player. Secondly, globalization has impacted the trade zone which impacts the policies of EU. EU is the biggest trade zone which includes major trading countries and regions. EU was established in 1945 with a purpose to diminish the war between countries and build relationships which could better serve the entire globe in terms of imports and exports. EU has introduced the free trade which helped economies of large production to integrate and created new ways of business and commerce. This has removed certain difficult barriers between trades among nations. (Da Conceicao, 2010) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Evolution of Trade (import and fares) The EUs sans dynamic trade approach towards developing business. Economies of the world are coming closer because of the trade union agreements. It is noticeable that IMF declared that than Europe , other countries will contribute in major developments which include greater portion of China as a producer. In the development of nationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s financial sector and creation of job, the role of organized trade is undeniable. Trade unions help in business to find the best and cheap materials for their product as well as exports and imports play major contribution in economies which takes to prosperous nation creating employment in the country. The world at this time imports crude oil and raw material (66%), other machinery and related parts from EU zone and markets in it. EU has a strong network and largest too. Source: (Commission, 2014) Source: (Commission, 2014) After the 2007-08 crisis in US, (the subprime meltdown), EU strategy of free trade can work for overcoming the crisis. The negative side is that this option has inherited vulnerabilities in EU. Free trade within EU countries has been acting as a key trigger in motivating the economies and it has deepened the single market in specialized areas of education, research and resources in Europe wide targeted investment areas. Thus, free trade as an open market has a potential to generate more jobs and bring economic stability or the growth. With respect to the workforce in EU, in 2011, indirectly or directly 14% of it depended on the export activities as in comparison with the rest of the world. It has been taken as an increase of 50% from 1995. For creation of job, FDI is considered crucial element as Japanese and American companies are employing European people as per recorded 4.6 million from this region. Additionally through Trade liberalization, we have viewed open doors to productivity boom and innovation. The flow of investment and trade has sprung the idea of creativity and innovation and additionally this has creates research and development opportunities for companies serving them with the exact requirements and the trade barriers removal has encouraged the locat ion benefit to the business and service providers. The labor productivity in EU countries is raised by 0.6% with an increase of 1% in the economy integration and openness. Import and export has provided various benefits such as outsourcing and material supply from best locations, consumer imports of food, technology and other products (Garcia-Duran Millet, 2015) Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "A Report on Trade Between EU Countries" essay for you Create order Trade Structure The Union is at present seeking after an approach of dynamic engagement with its accomplices once in a while inside territorial groupings to arrange exhaustive organized commerce understandings. These stipend advantaged access to the business sectors of the acknowledged and concerned nations which are provided an additional exemption advantage from principle of WTO which states that equal opportunity and treatment will be provided to the partners of trade. Only difference lies in the agreements on the basis of aspiration and limits of the nation, nation grouping. Source: (Commission, 2014) Since the EUs numerous accomplices have diverse intrigues, the substances are customized to every particular circumstance. Organized commerce concurrences with created nations and developing economies are driven by financial aspects and for the most part in light of complementary business opening. Monetary organization concurrences with Caribbean, Africa and Pacific nations joining hand s for trade and improvement are improved conditions. The trade agreement of EU has considered the primary accomplices for example, Canada, United States and Japan, in spite of the fact that attention is being given to the economies under development or developing such as the region of BRICS including, China, India, Brazil, South Africa and Russia. These nations are considered as the emerging or glowing economies on the globe. EU in compliance with these nations has great advantages. In a few nations, taxes are significantly higher. An average understanding will cover diverse parts and issues and indicate a timetable for individual item duty decreases. Advanced (EU) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“tradeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  assertions incorporate non-duty matters running from protected innovation to open acquisition. They contain different procurements, for example, principles of beginning, to figure out which items are qualified for the levies being diminished or dispensed with. In the event that arra ngements are effective, an à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“EUà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"Mercosur FTAà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  would make the biggest unhindered commerce range between two of the worlds districts (South America and Europe) and would convey significant advantages to both. (Jaeger, 2015) Main trading Partners: India: IN 2007, negotiation between India and EU began for trade purpose. They are the EUs first endeavor to connect with an extensive rising nation in a proportional two-sided à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“tradeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  opening activity. Mercosur: In 2013, this region including regions of Brazil, Argentina, Venezuela, Paraguay, and Uruguay was the 6th biggest EU trade location, with product fares à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬57 billion, with comparison to the previous year, 2012, à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬21 billion fares lead EU at top rank. In the event that arrangements are effective, an à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“EUà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"Mercosur FTAà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  would make the biggest unhindered commerce range between two of the worlds districts (South America and Europe) and would convey significant advantages to both. (JovanoviÃÆ'„à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¡, 2013) Japan: EU and Japan, in March 2013, authoritatively dispatched arrangements on an organized commerce understanding. The progressing arrangements spread reg ions, for example, the dynamic liberalization of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“tradeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  merchandise and administrations, speculation, government acquirement and the end of non-duty boundaries. (JovanoviÃÆ'„à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¡, 2013) United States: The establishment of EU and US financial relations is incomparable in its amount/ extent and force; despite everything the agreement has extensive growth potential. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnershipà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (TTIP) agreement were dispatched in July 2013. As indicated by a free study, a yearning TTIP, once completely actualized, will be benefit source for EUà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s financial increase of à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬119 billion on yearly basis. It can be viewed as an additional à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬545 cash flow per year without restriction for a group of four in the EU. (Akhtar Jones, 2013) China: At present the EUs second trading accomplice is China as per the main production of about 30% is been taken fr om China, which comes after United States. China and EU declared in November 2013, that there will be the dispatch of transactions on an extensive investment agreement between EU and China. This agreement and understanding between two of these has lead a dynamic liberalization in terms of investments and will lead to a new dimension of business handling. (Fox Godement, 2009) Russia: For long term relations, EU and Russia has set an agreement which is based on necessary and significant trade agreements. It represents 50% of the imports and fares of the nation. IN 2012, Russia entering into WTO has brought down further import levies additionally providing a two way mutual agreement and conclusion reaching. In contrast with the desire of EU, Russia has put forward his concentration towards a more protectionist development. (JovanoviÃÆ'„à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¡, 2013) The EUs à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“tradeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  arrangement, accordingly, expects to keep up, and, if important reexam ine, the EUs spot in worldwide supply affixes as opposed to attempting to keep each and every generation venture at home. Trade is viewed in more diverse dimensions such as more than products; it has been paying attention to outsourcing raw material, food items, labor and other things. At the point when firms send out, they make employments not just in the nation the products and administrations leave, additionally over the Union. (JovanoviÃÆ'„à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¡, 2013) Source: (Commission, 2014) Challenges and difficulties in global trade IN today;s globalized world when distance remains zero, the impacts on production are viewed significantly bigger and important such as no product is completely made in one country, apart it brings one material part from one nation, production from another, labor from the next and marketing is outsourced from any other nation, thus integrating the nations for successful business. This also suggests that we have found more ways to deal with fares, and other regulatory expense. Free trade is a additional benefit which strengthens the bond between nations of EU. Today, items like autos are no more made in one spot through and through. The development of other financial capitals, for example, India, China, and Brazil, increases rivalry regarding the cost and nature of merchandise they create, and, maybe all the more critically, for access to vitality and crude materials. In the meantime, these nations are making another gathering of wealthy shoppers and there from 15 years back, today we see more integrated economies and free trade between them. (Robinson, et al, 2015) Source: (Commission, 2014) Future prospects The EU stays focused on finishing its driven à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“tradeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  motivation. It has confidence in open markets and that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“tradeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  is a piece of the answer for the monetary emergency. It is additionally to the greatest advantage of the EUs individual and local exchanging accomplices to finish arrangements since the Union speaks to the worlds greatest business for their fares. Unhindered commerce assertions are not without their faultfinders. In Europe, they are some of the time introduced as presenting EU makers to unreasonable rivalry from modest imports. From an altogether different point of view, the Union is blamed for attempting to enter markets, especially in creating nations, and destroying nearby occupations. On the other hand, this feedback neglects to make note of the proof despite what might be expected and the observable advantages the understandings convey to both the EU and its accomplices. (Keohane, 2015) Currently, EU has a large focus towards protectionism and is fighting for the protective rights of its member countries. This has led it face global challenges of adaptation and rivalry. EU has decided to continue fight against the rights for protectionism. It is predicted that in this attempt the UNION might suffer more than the gain it may get because this challenge is depending upon many imported products. Rise in cost and expense would impact the competitiveness of EU from internal and external sides, and a worst impact would be visible on Jobs and production. Trade rise of 10 percent, will be leading to a 4% decrease in national income. Based on the interest of EU in straight forward regularity and free trade and open markets, it is aware of the citizenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s responsibilities and fight for the fair and open trading system at global level through using its strategies of fair bilateral and multilateral agreements. Conclusion The European Union is the worlds greatest dealer, representing 20 percent of worldwide imports and fares. Organized commerce among its individuals was one of the establishing standards of the EU, and it is focused on changing world à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“tradeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  for the advantage of rich and poor nations alike. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Tradeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  strategy is the selective locale of the European Union, which speaks to the hobbies of every one of the 28 EU Member States at reciprocal and multilateral levels, including the World Trade Organization. By making new market open doors for European exporters, specialists and speculators, the EUs à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“tradeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  approach adds to development and employments. Today, the EU tries to determine à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“tradeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  issues that go well past levies: for occasion, securing organizations protected innovation rights and tending to falsifying and theft of European merchandise; evacuating behind the fringe bou ndaries that victimize European organizations or influence their capacity to fare products, contribute or convey administrations; and worldwide administrative collaboration to backing universal union of guidelines and standards at whatever point conceivable. (Bechtel, Bernauer Meyer, 2012) Bibliography Akhtar Jones. (2013). Proposed Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP). Brief. Congressional Research Service, (pp. 7-5700). Bechtel, Bernauer Meyer. (2012). The green side of protectionism: Environmental concerns and three facets of trade policy preferences. Review of International Political Economy, 19(5), 837-866. Commission, E. (2014). The Euoreon Union Explained: Trade. Retrieved May 5, 2015, from https://europa.eu/pol/pdf/flipbook/en/trade_en.pdf Da Conceicao, E. (2010). Who controls whom? Dynamics of power delegation and agency losses in EU trade politics. JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies, 48(4), 1107-1126. Fox Godement. (2009, Published: Apri). A power audit of EU-China relations. . ECFR, l. Garcia-Duran Millet. (2015). Efficient multilateralism or bilateralism? The TTIP from an EU Trade Policy perspective. Jaeger, T. (2015). The EU Approach to IP Protection in Partnership Agreements. In Intellectual Property and Free Trade Agreemen ts in the Asia-Pacific Region. (pp. 171-210). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. JovanoviÃÆ'„à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¡, M. N. (2013). The economics of European integration. Edward Elgar. Keohane, R. O. (2015). The Global Politics of Climate Change: Challenge for Political Science. PS: Political Science Politics, 48(01), 19-26. Robinson, J. E., Griffiths, R. A., John, F. A. S., Roberts, D. L. (2015). Dynamics of the global trade in live reptiles: Shifting trends in production and consequences for sustainability. Biological Conservation, 184, 42-50.

Development Task 2 Theorists, Cache Level 3 Cyp 3.1

development Task 2 theorists, Cache Level 3 CYP 3.1 pc[2.1] Explain how children and young people’s development is influenced by a range of personal factors. A child is influenced by a range of Personal factors such as: - Influences before and at birth eg. Maternal diet during pregnancy or birth itself eg. problems due to lack of oxygen etc. - Health - child who has ill health may spend time in hospital and miss time from pre-school and school affecting their learning on all levels including emotional and social phases of making friends etc. Also conditions like asthma triggered by certain situations could affect childs physical growth and need hospital/doctors visits etc. - Disability - this one is kind of obvious but I also†¦show more content†¦Often this is described as stages of development or patterns of development. These give us a framework for understanding the process of learning. Though working with just one framework may stop us from exploring other views. The most important theory which influences the early years education in the UK is the sociocultural theory of Lev Vygotsky (1896-1934). Though there are more theories like the behavioural work of Skinner (1905-1990) he is rewarding positive behaviour and ignoring negative behaviour. This influences the work with children who have learning and behavioural difficulties. Jean Piagets (1896-1980) theories have gotten trendy again in the last few years as additional studies are done into his cognitive theory of schemas through which children progress in stages in their learning. Their theories influenced the vertical and horizontal continuum that we have developed and use in school. In the 3 different year levels that I teach I am guided in the expectation of knowledge and skills that are to be expected at a certain stage in a child’s live. I would also take into account their culture and any issues; a child or young person may have educational needs but these may not be creating delayed development, for example their first language may not be English, therefore their lack of understanding may lie there; perhaps they need language lessons for students of English as a foreign language. My role as a

The Diversity Of Living Things - 1613 Words

Caroline Shepherd STSE Diversity of Living Things 1. Benefits to human intervention: -Providing animals to a secure environment where humans will not interact with the animals. -Creation of animal protection law Risks to human intervention: -Destruction of habitat -Increase in pollution -Overexploitation -Introduction of invasive species 2. Climate change would have an impact on all members of the food chain. There would be lots of habitat loss and animals would have to try to move to a different location for food and then the animals that hunted those animals would have to find a new food source and some plants would be affected and die off because they cannot move. This would affect the diversity because then the populations would be†¦show more content†¦7. The increase of ocean temperatures would cause the coral to go through something called coral bleaching. Coral bleaching is what happens when there is a loss of the algae on the coral. The increase in ocean temperatures damages the algae and soon kills the coral too. An increase in ocean temperature would mean that the coral would die, and all the species that used coral for food and shelter would die off along with it. 8. The longer growing seasons or two harvests, have affected the biodiversity of agricultural lands by allowing there to be more diversity between all the crops. This is a positive outcome, however, if the farmer is monocropping, then that will damage the health of the soil. 9. A species such as the Massasauga rattlesnake would be drastically affected by increased water levels in their habitats. Snakes slither along the ground and would therefore be at a disadvantage in water. Some snakes have adapted and become able to swim, but the Massasauga rattlesnake does not, and if it were to do so, that would take a very long time to do so, possibly they would be extinct before then. Their dens are also holes in the ground, increased water levels would be a problem in case of flooding. Genetics 1. Discrimination, inappropriate applications of genetic testing, it is unnatural, a bit of uncertainty 2. Computational biology: the science of

Chapter 5 and 6 Apush Outline Free Essays

Chapter 5 * Thirteen original colonies is misleading because Britain ruled thirty-two colonies in North America by 1775 * Included Canada, the Floridas, and various Caribbean islands * Only thirteen unfurled the standard of rebellion A few of the nonrebels (Canada, Jamaica, etc) were larger, wealthier, or more populous than some of the revolting thirteen * Some British colonies had strike for their independence while others did not/; due to the distinctive social, economic, and political structures of the thirteen Atlantic seaboard colonies and also in the halting gradual appearance in the American way of life Conquest by the Cradle * Among distinguishing characteristics of rebellious settlements: lusty population growth * Colonists doubled their numbers every 25 years Europeans * Dr. Samuel Johnson â€Å"Multiplying like rattlesnakes† * Also were youthful average age was 16 * In 1775, the most populous colonies were Virginia, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, North Carolina, and Maryland. * Only four communities could be called cities: first Philadelphia (including suburbs), New York, Boston, Charleston * 90% of the people lived in rural areas A Mingling of the Races * Colonial America had been a melting pot since the outset: population was English in stock and language, but mottled with numerous foreign groups * Germans * 1775: about 6% of total population Fleeing religious persecution, economic oppression, and ravages of war * Mostly settled in Pennsylvania in the early 1700s * Added to religious diversity: belonged to different Protestant sects, primarily Lutheran * Erroneously known as the Pennsylvania Dutch and made up 1/3 of colony’s population * Moved into Penn’s backcountry * Their splendid stone barns give evidence of industry and prosper ity * Clung to their German culture and language * Scots-Irish * 7% of population in 1775 * Not Irish at all but turbulent Scots Lowlanders Had been transported over a period of time to Northern Ireland did not prosper * Irish Catholics hated Scottish Presbyterian and resented the intrusion * Economic life of Scots-Irish was hampered, especially when English government put burdensome restrictions on their production of woolens and linens * Early 1700s: tens of thousands of Scots- Irish came to America, mostly to tolerant and deep-soiled Pennsylvania * Best land was already taken by Germans and Quakers pushed out into the frontier * Illegally but defiantly squatted on unoccupied lands and quarreled with Indian and white owners * Superior frontiersmen with ready violence for Indians * Idea that they kept â€Å"Sabbath and all else they could get their hands on† * They hated British government (or apparently any other government) who had once uprooted and still lorded over them * Led the armed march of the Paxton Boys on Philadelphia, protesting the Quaker’s oligarchy’s lenient policy towards Indians * Also led Regulator movement in North Carolina against eastern domination of the colony’s affairs * Many of these hotheads (ex Andrew Jackson) eventually joined the American revolutionists * 5% of multicolored colonial population included French Huguenots, Welsh, Dutch, Swedes, Jews, Irish, Swish, and Scots Highlanders felt little loyalty to British crown * Largest non-English group Africans Thirteen colonies had most mixed population * South: 90% of slaves * New England: Puritans least ethnic diversity * Middle Colonies (especially Penn’s Woods): received most of later white immigrants and had astonishing variety * This variety laid the foundations for the diverse multicultural American identity * Whites mixed with other whites, as were Africans from slave trade African Americans * Polyglot Native American communities emerged blur red tribal identity boundaries The Structure of Colonial Society * Contrasted to Europe—American was a land of equality and opportunity except for the slaves * No titled nobility or pauperized underclass Most white Americans and some free blacks were small farmers * Cities: small class of skilled artisans, shopkeepers, tradespeople, and unskilled causal laborers * Most astonishing: could go from rags to riches for an ambitious colonist, rare in England * Contrast with 17th century America: colonial society on the eve of Revolution began to show signs of stratification/ barriers to mobility raised worries about â€Å"Europeanization† of America * Gods of war contributed to these developments * Armed conflicts of the 1690s and early 1700s enriched a number of merchant princes in the New England and middle colonies laid foundations of their fortunes with profits made as military suppliers made money imported fancy clothes and ate with English china, etc * Prominent people came to be seated in churches/ schools according to rank * War plague created class of widows and orphans became dependent on charity * Philadelphia and NY built almshouses However, still smaller number of poor in America than England (1/3 of population in E) * In New England countryside descendent of original settlers faced more problems than descendents supply of unclaimed soil grew smaller and families larger existing landholdings were repeatedly subdivided * Average farm size drastically shrank and younger kids were forced to work as wage laborers or seek virgin tracts of land beyond Alleghenies * South: power of great planters were bolstered by disproportionate ownership of slaves * Riches created by growing slave population in 18th century were not evenly distributed among whites- wealth was concentrated in largest slave owners widened gap between rich and poor whites who would portably become tenant farmers * In all the colonies the ranks of the lower classes were further sw elled by the continuing stream of indentured servants, many of whom were eventually very successful * Many paupers and convicts were deported to the Americas, many because of the strict penal code in England with over 200 capital crimes—not fans of king * Lowest: blacks they could not even dream of climbing the social ladder * People eared black rebellion SC legislature even tried to restrict/ halt their importation * To reserve cheap labor, especially in sugar of West Indies, British authorities vetoed these attempts colonists thought this veto was callous even though NE slave traders also very much benefited from this * Cruel complexity of issue (think Thomas Jefferson) Clerics, Physicians, and Jurists * Christian ministry was most honored profession * Most physicians were poorly trained and not highly esteemed * The first medical school came in 1765 * Epidemics were a constant nightmare, especially smallpox a crude form of inoculation was introduced in 1721 despite objecti ons by many physicians and clergy * Powdered dried toad was a favorite prescription for smallpox. We will write a custom essay sample on Chapter 5 and 6 Apush Outline or any similar topic only for you Order Now Diphtheria was also a killer, especially of young people. Grim reminder of one epidemic and the taking of their morality may have helped to prepare colonists in their hearts and minds for the religious revival that was soon to sweep them up * At first the law profession was not favorably regarded lawyers were regarded as noisy or troublemakers, drunkards or brothel owners; sometimes parties defended themselves in court Workaday America * Agriculture was the leading industryinvolved about 90% of the people * Tobacco continued to be staple crop for Maryland and VA (wheat also spread through Chesapeake in tobacco ruined soil regions) * Fertile middle (bread) colonies with lots of grain NY was exporting a lot of flour a year†¦ A LOT * This was really good, and America was overall the higher of standards of living lived by the majority of others in history up to that time * Fishing, though below agriculture, was rewarding and pursued in all American colonies but major industry in Ne w England stimulated shipbuilding and served as a nursery for the seamen * Bustling commerce, coastwise and overseas enriched all the colonies especially New England, NY, and Pennsylvania * Commercial ventures and land speculation replaced any get-rich-quick schemes and became the surest avenues to speedy wealth * Yankee seamen were famous not only as skilled mariners but also as ightfisted traders * Triangular trade was infamously profitable but small in relation to total colonial commerce * Manufacturing in the colonies was only secondary importance but included rum, beaver hats, iron, household manufacturing (spinning and weaving) * Strong-back laborers and skilled craftspeople were scarce and highly prized * Lumbering was the most important single manufacturing activity first chiefly in New England, but then spread elsewhere in the colonies * Colonial naval stores (tar, pitch, rosin, turpentine) were highly valued because British wanted to fain and retain a mastery of the seas * London offered generous bounties to stimulate production of these items * Towering trees were needed for royal masts there were restriction placed on them this shackle on free enterprise caused considerable bitterness * By the 18th century Americans held an important flank of the thriving Atlantic economy, but strains appeared in this network as early as the 1730s * Fast breeding Americans demanded more and more British products-yet the slow growing British population early reached the saturation point for absorbing imports from America * This trade imbalance prompted the Americans to sell their goods to foreign, non-British markets to get money to pay for British products * By the eve of the Revolution, the bulk of Chesapeake tobacco was in France and other European countries, btw it passed through British re-exporters * Most important was trade with West Indies, especially in French islands West Indian purchases of North American timber and foodstuffs provided cash for colonists to purchase British goods * Due to pressure from British West Indian planters, Parliament passed the Molasses Act: aim was to stop trade with French West Indies * American merchants respond by bribing, smuggling, etc Americans revolting, not submitting Horsepower and Sailpower All large but sparsely populated pioneer communities were cursed with oppressive problems of transportation, including America with its scarceness of money and worker * Snot until 1700s did roads connect major cities, but they were still deficient * Roads were poor (dust in summer and mud in winter) and stagecoach travelers faced problems like rickety bridges and runaway horses * Bad roads heavy reliance on waterways populations clustered along banks or rivers slow and undependable but cheap and pleasant * Taverns sprang up along routes of travel as well as in cities all social classes mingled tavern was another cradle of democracy * Also important in crystallizing public opinion and hotbeds of agitation as Re volution continued * An intercolonial postal system was established by the mid-1700s Dominant Denominations Two â€Å"establish†- tax supported- churches in 1775: Anglican and Congregational * However, large part of population did not worship in any church, even in colonies that maintained established religion minority belonged to the churches * Church of England (Anglican) was official faith in Georgia, the Carolinas, Virginia, Maryland, and part of NY served as major prop of kingly authority * However, it clung to a faith that was less fierce and more worldly than religion of Puritanical New England shorter sermons, less scorned amusements, etc * The College of William and Mary was founded in 1693 to train a better class of clerics for the Anglican Church * Congregational Church had grown out of Puritan Church and was influential formally established in all New England colonies except independent-minded Rhode Island * Presbyterianism, close to Congregational, was never made official in any of the colonies * These two combined with rebellion during early rumblings against British crown * Anglican clergy supported king but were handicapped by not having a resident bishop, whose presence would have been convenient for the ordination of young ministers people had to travel to England to be ordained and many non- Anglicans opposed the idea of creating an American bishopric because it would tighten royal reins * Religious toleration  had made tremendous strides in America. There were fewer Catholics in America; hence anti-Catholic laws were less severe and less strictly enforced. In general, people could worship or not worship as they pleased. The Great Awakening * In all colonial churches, religion was less fervid in early 18th century than century before, when colonies were first planted * Puritan churches especially sagged under two burdens: elaborate theological doctrines and their compromising efforts to liberalize membership requirements * Liberal i deas began to challenge old time religion Puritan predestination was questioned a lot, especially bit Arminians, who preached that free will determined eternal fate, not divine decree a few churches grudgingly said that spiritual conversion was not necessary for church membership (they had felt pressured) * These twin trends toward clerical intellectualism and lay liberalism sucked spiritual vitality from many denominations set stage for rousing religious revival, the Great Awakening * Great Awakening: first started in Northampton, Massachusetts by Jonathon Edwards, an intellectual pastor he proclaimed that through faith in God,  not  through doing good works, could one attain eternal salvation. He had an alive-style of preaching â€Å"Sinners in Hands of†¦Ã¢â‚¬  * George Whitefield  gave America a different kind of evangelical type of preaching (had an incredible voice) * His message even had Edwards to tears and Franklin to empty pockets countless sinners expressed conversion * The  old lights, orthodox clergymen, were skeptical of the new ways (emotional and theatrical) of preaching * New light ministers defended the Awakening for its role in revitalizing American religion * Congregationalists and Presbyterians were split over this issue * Many believers in the religious conversion went to the Baptists and other sects more prepared for emotion in religion * Awakening had many lasting effects had an emphasis on direct, emotive spirituality and seriously undermined the older clergy, whose authority had been derived from their education and erudition * The schisms it set off in many denominations greatly increased the numbers and competitiveness of American church es encouraged a wave of missionary work among Indians and even black slaves, many of whom also attended the mass open-air revival led to founding of â€Å"new light† centers of higher learning (Princeton, Dartmouth, Rutgers, Brown) * Most significant: Great Awakening was the first spontaneous mass movement of the American people broke down sectional boundaries/ denominational liens; contributed to growing sense that Americans were a single people, united by common history and shared experience Schools and Colleges * English idea was that education was a blessing reserved for the aristocratic few, not for unwashed many, leadership not citizenship, males only * Colonists slowly and painfully broke out of these ancient restrictions * Puritan New England was more interested in education than any other section. Dominated by the Congregational Church, it stressed the need for Bible reading by the individual worshiper * Primary goal of clergy good Christians, not good citizens * Education for boys flourished almost from the outset in News England * This densely populated region had impressive number of graduates from English universities, especially Cambridge, the intellectual center of England’s Puritanism * New England also established primary and secondary schools * Adequate elementary schools also put information in the reluctant â€Å"scholars† of middle and southern colonies (some tax supported and others privately operated) * South: mostly wealthy families with private tutors General atmosphere of colonial schools and colleges were grim and gloomy most emphasis was placed on religion and classical language of Latin and Greek, not experiments, reason, or independent thinking * There was severe discipline, even for children, and even indentured-servant teachers could be whi pped for failures as workers * College education was regarded (at least in new England) extremely important because Churches would wither if new crops of ministers were not trained to lead spiritual flocks * Many wealthy families, especially in South, sent their boys abroad to British institutions * For convenience and economy, 9 local colleges were established during the colonial era small student enrollments (200 boys at most), poor education, curriculum filled with theology and dead languages * By 1750: distinct trend towards more modern subjects * Significant contribution made by Ben Franklin, who played a major role in the launching of UPenn, the first American college free from denominational control A Provincial Culture Colonial Americans were still in thrall to European tastes, especially British * The simplicity of pioneering life had not yet bred many patrons of arts * John Trumbull: aspiring painter of Connecticut who was discouraged by his father’s remark that Con necticut was not Athens; Trumbull, like most others, was forced to travel to London to pursue his ambitions * Charles Wilson Peale (GW portraits), Benjamin West, John Singleton Copley became famous painters but also had to go to England to complete their training only aboard could they find subjects who had leisure to sit for their portraits and had the money to handsomely pay * These people were Loyalists and were buried in London (sometimes) * Architecture was imported from old World and modified for peculiar climatic and religious conditions of the New World * Log cabin Sweden The red-bricked Georgian style was introduced in 1720 Williamsburg, Virginia * Colonial literature was generally undistinguished, like art, for many of the same reasons * Phyllis Wheatley: black poet, taken from slave to England, poetry book similar to Pope * BFrank: autobiography, but mostly Poor Richard’s Almanac- shaped America; only book that beat it was the Bible * Science was also making progre ss: not as many superstitions * BFrank: only first rank scientist produced in the American colonies * Spectacular but dangerous experiments: kite proved lightning was a form of electricity * Bifocals, Franklin stove, lighting rod condemned by some clergymen â€Å"presuming God† Pioneer Presses Americans were generally too poor to buy books and too busy to read them * There were some private libraries, especially with Byrd family and the clergy * BFrank established the first privately supported circulating library in America in Philadelphia * By 1776 there were about 50 public libraries and collections supported by subscription * Hand operated printing presses: brought out pamphlets, journals, leaflets, etc * 40 colonial newspapers by the time of the Revolution * They were mostly made of somber essays with news that was delayed to be printed but colonists were extremely interested to hear about * Newspapers were powerful source of airing colonial grievances and rallying opposi tion to British control * A celebrated legal case in 1734-1735 involved  John Peter Zenger, a newspaper printer. He was charged with printing things that assailed the corrupt royal governor of New York (libel). Despite the ambitions of the royal chief justice, the jury voted him not guilty to the surprise of the judge and many people. This paved the way for freedom of the press. The Great Game of Politics * The thirteen colonial governments took a variety of forms * Eight had royal governors appointed by the king * Three- Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Delaware- were under proprietors who themselves chose the governors * Two- Connecticut and Rhode Island- elected their own governors under self-governing characters * Nearly every colony used a two house legislative body. The upper house, or council, was appointed by the crown in the royal colonies and the proprietor in the proprietary colonies. It was chosen by voters in the self-governing colonies * The lower house, as the popular branch, was elected by the people- those who owned enough property to be qualified as voters * Backcountry was underrepresented and they hated the colonial cliques almost as much as kingly authority * Legislatress (direct representation): voted such taxes as they deemed necessary for the expenses of the colonial government * This self-taxation through representation was a precious privilege Americans prized above all else * Governors appointed by king were generally bale men, sometimes outstanding figures, but some were incompetent/ corrupt and just badly in need of jobs * Worst of this group was impoverished Lord Cornbury: made governor of New York and New Jersey in 1702. He was a drunkard, a spendthrift, and a bad person. Even the best appointees had troubles with colonial legislatures because the royal governor embodied a bothersome transatlantic authority 3000 miles away * Ways colonial assem blies asserted their authority and independence: employed the trick of withholding governor’s salary until he yielded to their wishes (since he was normally in need of money) * The London government was guilty of poor administration (left colonial governor to the mercy of the legislature) * They sh0oudl have arranged for his independent pay instead of from these bickering sources bickering is persistent spirit of revolt * Local level administration also varied * County government remained the rule in South New England: town meeting government predominated- direct democracy because of open discussion/ open voting * Religious/ property qualifications required for voting/ even stiffer qualifications for office holding * Privileged upper-class wouldn’t grant right to everyone * ? adult white males, but gaining the property wasn’t that hard so there were a lot of opportunities to become voters * Not many eligible actually voted left it up to their â€Å"better† leaders (actually corrupt losers) * Middle colonies: modification of the two * 1775: not yet a true democracy, but much more democratic than anything in Europe/ Britain * There some democratic ideas planted seeds for later years Colonial Folkways Life in colonies was drab and tedious (labor was heavy and constant) * Americans had most bountiful diet, food was plentiful, but coarse and monotonous diet * Americans had/ ate more meat than anyone in the Old World * Obviously they didn’t have heat in Churches, poorly heated homes with inefficient fireplaces, no running water, plumbing or bathtubs, not much garbage disposal * Candles/ whale-oil lamps used for illumination * Amusement * Pursued when time/ custom permitted * Militia periodically assembled for musters (with lots of flirting and enjoyment involved) * Several days of drilling- musters * North: winter sports * South: cards. Horse racing, cockfighting, and fox hunts * Non-puritanical south: dancing * GW could ride well and dance well * Lotteries were approved even by clergy * Stage plays- popular for south but frowned upon by Quakers/ Puritans * New England clergy saw plays as immoral; they preferred religious lectures * Holidays * Celebrated everywhere in the American colonies New England: frowned upon Christmas * Thanksgiving- widespread giving thanks to God * By mid-18th century, Britain’s several North American colonies revealed some striking similarities * Basically English in language and custom, Protestant in religion * Other people and faiths colonies gave some degree of ethic/ religious toleration * Lots of opportunities for social mobility * All possessed some measure of self-government (but not complete democracy) * Improving communication and transportation * Self- rule was most important similarity * All separated by entire ocean from Britain led to struggle to unite for independence Chapter 6 As the 17th was ending, contest began for mastery of North American continent involvi ng 3 Old Worlds (Britain, France, and Spain) and involved Native Americans as well * 1688- 1763: 4 bitter wars in Europe (world wars) * Fought for control in Europe and New World and fought in both places * Americans could not stay out of it good thing because one of the wars (Seven Years’ War aka French and Indian War by America) set the stage for America’s independence France Finds a Foothold in Canada * Like England and Holland, France was a latecomer in New World real estate, basically for same reasons: had foreign wars in 1500s and domestic strife (clashes between Roman Catholics and Protestant Huguenots) * St. Bartholomew’s Day: lots of people killed * In 1598, the  Edict of Nantes  was issued by the crown of France. It granted limited religious freedom to French Protestants, and stopped religious wars between the Protestants and Catholics new century France became mightiest and most feared in Europe, led by brilliant leaders and vainglorious King Louis XIV * Reigned for less than 2 years surrounded by glittering court and mistresses * Also took deep interest in colonies * In  1608, France established  Quebec (by St. Lawrence River). The leading figure was  Samuel de Champlain,  an intrepid soldier and explorer whose energy and leadership earned him the title â€Å"Father of New France†. * Champlain entered into friendly relations with the nearby Huron Indians and joined them in battles against their foes (Iroquois of upper NY area) * Two fights with them and Iroquois were dead scared France earned permanent enmity with Iroquois * Stopped French from getting into Ohio Valley Ravaged French settlements/ served as British allies * The government of New France (Canada) was under direc t control of the king after muchos companies had failed royal almost completely autocratic regime  did not elect any representative assemblies or have right to trial by jury like those in English colonies * Population in Catholic New France grew lethargically (Landowning French peasants didn’t want to move and Protestant Huguenots could not for religious reasons) * French government preferred Caribbean islands (sugar and rum) over cold wintery Canada New France Sets Out * New France’s one valuable resource: beaver fashion hats (warm and opulent) * French fur trappers: couriers de bois (runners of the woods) who ranged over woods/ waterways of North America for beaver * Also runners of risks * Two-fisted drinkers, free spenders, free livers and lovers * Named a lot (Baton Rouge, Des Moines, etc) * French voyageurs recruited Indians into fur business * Fur trade had drawbacks Indians recruited got the white diseases and hated their alcohol * Slaughtering mass beavers v iolated some NA religious beliefs and destroyed some Indians’ way of life * French and Indian trappers traveled amazing distances almost extinguished beaver population, causing bad ecological damage * French Catholic missionaries, especially Jesuits, labored with much enthusiasm to convert the Indians to Christianity and to save them from the fur trappers * Some were killed by Indians for doing so * Some made converts, but also had vital roles as explorers and geographers * Others sought not souls nor fur but empire * Antoine Cadillac- founded Detroit in  1701  to thwart English settlers pushing into the Ohio Valley * Robert de La Salle- explored the Mississippi and Gulf basin, naming it Louisiana in honor of king; done to check Spanish penetration into the gulf * Dreamed of empire and brought colonizing ships, but ended up killed by mutiny * In order to ontinue their efforts to block the Spanish on the Gulf of Mexico, the French planted several fortified posts in Mississ ippi and Louisiana; most important-  New Orleans  in  1718. * This outpost also rapped fur trade * Fertile Illinois had French forts established there and became France’s garden empire of North America because much grain was produced there The Clash of Empires * The earliest battles among European power for control of North America, known to British colonists as  King William’s War (1689-1697)  and  Queen Anne’s War (1702-1713), pitted British colonists against the French couriers de bois with both sides recruiting any possible Indian allies. Primitive guerilla warfare: neither side thought America was so important to need a large detachments of troops * Most of the battles were between the British colonists, the French, and the French ally Spain. * Spain probed from its Florida base at SC settlements, and French Indian allies ravaged British colonial frontiers * British: failed with Quebec and Montreal but victories when temporarily seized Port Roya l in Acadia (present day Nova Scotia) * The wars ended in  1713  with peace terms signed at  Utrecht proved how badly beaten; France and Spain were terribly beaten and Britain received French-populated Acadia and Newfoundland and Hudson Bay. The British also won limited trading rights in Spanish America later involved friction over smuggling War of Jenkins’ Ear broke out between British and Spanish in Caribbean Sea and Georgia with James Oglethorpe fought against Spanish foe to a standstill * This small scuffle merged with big War of Austrian Succession in Europe (King George’s War) * France allied with Spain * New Englanders invaded New France with British fleet and luck * The War of Jenkins’s Ear started in  1739  between the British and Spaniards. This small battle became a war and became known as  King George’s War in America. It ended in  1748  with a treaty that handed Louisbourg back to France, enraging the victorious New Englanders , and France still clung to vast holdings in North America How to cite Chapter 5 and 6 Apush Outline, Essay examples

Date Rape Essay Example For Students

Date Rape Essay Argumentation-5th hourDecember 2, 2001How many of you know someone who has had something stolen from them? Howmany of you know someone who has been held at gunpoint? How many of youknow someone who has been date raped? You might and not even know aboutit. In 1985, Mary Koss, a professor at Kent State University, surveyedapproximately 7,000 students on thirty-two campuses on behalf of Ms. magazine and found that one in eight women were the victims of rape. Experts estimate that as many as 90 percent of all rapes are neverreported. But When you hear the word rape, what do you think of? If youimagine a stranger jumping out of the bushes on a dark night and attackingsomeone, you are only partly rightbecause most rapes are not committed bystrangers but by men who know their victims, who often have gone out withthem previously and are supposedly their friends. Acquaintance rape is forced, unwanted intercourse with a person you know. It can be that cute neighbor, the blind date your friend set you up with,even your husband of boyfriend. The fact is, if you said no, its rape. Date rapes typically occur when a woman is alone with a man. If you go to amans room or apartment or even get into his car alone, you are vulnerable. Date rapes can occur when others are relatively close by; for example, theycan take place in an upstairs bedroom while fifty people are attending aparty on the first floor. Alcohol and drugs are sometimes a significantfactor in date rape. Many victims say later that they drank too much ortook too many drugs to realize what was going on; by the time they realizedtheir predicament, it was too late. Sometimes a woman passes out andawakens to find a man having sex with her. On the other hand, some daterapes occur when alcohol is not involved or when the victim has had littleor nothing to drink but the man has been drinking and becomes sexuallyaggressive. Mixed signals are another element in date rape. The woman acts in afriendly manner; the man interprets this friendliness as an invitation tohave sex. No is heard as maybe and even a strong protest can be ignoredunder the delusion that women say no when they mean yes. Some men findit sexually exciting to have a woman struggle. If the woman protests onlymildly, the man may think he is merely persuading her, not forcing her tohave sex (He may think the same, however, even if she protests vigorously.)Sometimes a woman is not clear in her own mind about what she wants or shemay think she will make up her mind as she goes along. If she changes hermind at some point and decides not to have sex, the man can feel cheated,rejected, and angry. He may be interpreting her nonverbal messages, such asher enjoyment of kissing and caressing, as meaning that she wants to havesex with him. At this point he may decide he has been teased or misled anddeserves to get some satisfaction, regardless of the w omans wishes. Theresult can be rape. You cant always avoid date rape. There is no one thing that you can do toassure that you will never be raped. But, there are steps you can take tominimize the likelihood. .Say yes when you mean yes, and no when you mean no. Be assertive. .Be independent and aware on your dates. Do not be totally passive. Dohave opinions on where to go. Do think about appropriate places tomeet (not necessarily at your room or his), and, if possible, pay yourown way or suggest activities that do not cost any money. .u41c7ecdc8a6f5f268f31ebfc011c4069 , .u41c7ecdc8a6f5f268f31ebfc011c4069 .postImageUrl , .u41c7ecdc8a6f5f268f31ebfc011c4069 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u41c7ecdc8a6f5f268f31ebfc011c4069 , .u41c7ecdc8a6f5f268f31ebfc011c4069:hover , .u41c7ecdc8a6f5f268f31ebfc011c4069:visited , .u41c7ecdc8a6f5f268f31ebfc011c4069:active { border:0!important; } .u41c7ecdc8a6f5f268f31ebfc011c4069 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u41c7ecdc8a6f5f268f31ebfc011c4069 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u41c7ecdc8a6f5f268f31ebfc011c4069:active , .u41c7ecdc8a6f5f268f31ebfc011c4069:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u41c7ecdc8a6f5f268f31ebfc011c4069 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u41c7ecdc8a6f5f268f31ebfc011c4069 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u41c7ecdc8a6f5f268f31ebfc011c4069 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u41c7ecdc8a6f5f268f31ebfc011c4069 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u41c7ecdc8a6f5f268f31ebfc011c4069:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u41c7ecdc8a6f5f268f31ebfc011c4069 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u41c7ecdc8a6f5f268f31ebfc011c4069 .u41c7ecdc8a6f5f268f31ebfc011c4069-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u41c7ecdc8a6f5f268f31ebfc011c4069:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: More Than a Carpenter Essay.Avoid blind dates. .If things start to get out of hand, exit loudly. .have your own transportation.Avoid secluded places where you are alone. The most common placesthat date rapes occur is in the man or womans apartment or home. Unfortunately, a nice, normal man can turn into a date rapist. However,there are some men who are more likely to be sexually aggressive thanothers. Watch out for:.men who express anger or aggression towards women as individuals orin general. Hostile feelings can easily be translated into hostileacts. Such men often get hostile when a woman says no..men who try to make you feel guilty, or accuse you of being uptightif you resist their sexual overtures.men who act excessively jealous or possessive.Men who have unrealistic expectations about women. Such as thatwomen are made to be used, etc .Men who drink heavily. All rape is traumatic but there is something particularly traumatic about awoman being raped by someone she knows and previously had liked andtrusted. Although only a small percentage of men commit date rape, thesemen do a disproportionate amount of harm. As women become more aware ofwhat date rape is and how it occurs, they may be able to lower the chancesof it happening to them. Rape is not a private issue but a public one. Acquaintance rape cannot be considered solely a personal issue involvinga particular man and a particular woman. It is a problem that concerns allmen and all women because it deals with the basic issue of the ways inwhich men and women relate to each other. I want to end with a poem by Katherine Knox, a victim of date rape. Silent AgonyDoes the truth stay hidden, waiting for another dayto reveal the fight as remedied;Or, until it comes more easily, or happens by itself,without the struggle to succeed?If these things are so, then truth is passive, and will not fightor struggle when its all uphill, Or try to overcome the pain of those who live in silent agony,because our honesty stood still. If you know someone who has been a victim of date rape, or you yourselfhas, speak out. This cannot end until we make it clear to EVERYONE thatits not ok.

Facilitating Learning Vocabulary Meaning †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Facilitating Learning Vocabulary Meaning. Answer: Introduction Appropriateness refers to whether the word is suitable for the context it is applicable in within the language. It is the fundamental aspect of language but the extreme complex concern in the decision concerning how to spell things depending on understanding what is exactly right as well as the context within the culture. Besides, appropriacy within the use of language remains to be the condition as well as precise fittingness of a particular word or expression to a given context, even when the choice of the word is from the number of close synonyms. The crucial aspects of appropriateness are influenceable by the sociocultural competence as the section of the socialization in the language and other cultures. However, the capacities of people to critic appropriateness correctly do not entail that they will always operate properly (Fujita Satoshi 194). The availability of inconsistent standards in their other languages may guide to mindful or unconscious deviation from the suitable pa tterns within the specific language. Appropriateness in language usage is just the use of words to fit the specified purpose, occasion, or individuals among other factors. Therefore, the main target of this document is to show what is meant by the term appropriateness in language use. In the world of linguistics as well as communication studies, relevance continues to be the extent to which the people perceive utterance to be suitable for the particular function. Appropriateness is also understood to be statements for the specific audience within the specified social setting or context. Appropriateness allows all the speakers regardless of the dialect they speak or tailor their discourse together with choices of linguistics to meet societal convections for interactional along with linguistic relevance. Within the logical perspective, many foreign language programs as well as teaching aids based on the linear model that follows the technique of language appropriateness. For the use of language to be appropriate, an individual require to judge cautiously about their option of words. The selection of words in language use remains to be an essential factor in the communities (Fisher 1). For instance, for the use of language to be appropriate, an individual is not perm ittable to use contractions or shorter forms of words because such words tend to signal informality. The proper selection of words leads to the formation of appropriate language in the formal context. For the essay to achieve appropriateness in the use of language, articles must be clear and straightforward (Comajoan 216). Therefore, individuals must ensure that the choice of words in an essay or speaking must be precise and correct as this makes the written language to be concise. Appropriateness of language use focuses on the use of formal vocabulary and use of appropriate transitions. The appropriateness also concentrates on the need to avoid redundancy as well as making an individual beware of commonly misused words. Appropriateness in language usage aids in convincing readers and listeners that a detailed work is severe and significant (Lu 169). However, improper usages of language use, vague and wrong, the prospects are that listeners or readers could remain puzzled concerning the matter of the spoken words and essay. Therefore, the audience might think that the work by publishers or speakers who use inappropriate language may not be worth listening to or reading. Use of formal vocabulary Appropriateness is the major factor in language usage. Certain words are frequently in daily communication might not seem satisfied for the application in speaking or academic essay. The words that are unsuitable for usage in the academic essay, reports, or memos include the words that are informal and normallyutilized in verbal English only. However, the use of formal language to be appropriateness language use does not denote that it becomes substandard to informal dialect systems (Brown 41). It just refers to that are some words are always more appropriate than other words for use in every writing or speaking contests. Features of informal words that are not appropriateness in language usage include the contradictions, slang words, abbreviations, and cliches, together with colloquialisms among other features. The relevance of language uses that result because of formal vocabulary. The individuals that use formal vocabulary always have the reliable choice of verbs. By the use or selection of active verbs, appropriateness allows most academicians to utilize proper strong verbs to phrasal verbs that include the verb and preposition. The use of verbs and prepositions in forming appropriateness language is always common in the oral or more casual application of English (Scholtz 37). Appropriateness of language use allows the academicians to use the terms such as for establishing instead of setup, tolerate in place of put up with, and produce instead of giving out, along with assembling in place of put together. Additionally, the choice of formal vocabulary depends on the selection of specific verbs. The selection of specific verbs to attain appropriateness in language usage allows people to utilize the diversity of verbs that suits their functions before utilization of some specific words such as say, show, or report all the time. The people are also able to focus on appropriateness in language use by the use of more particular verbs within the academic reporting procedures (Doll et al., 592). Appropriateness of language use allows people to concentrate on the use of critical terms for coveraging what they have collected in their consequential survey such words comprise of claim, assert, illustrate, reasonable, and postulate. Use of appropriate transitions Appropriateness of language use focuses on the ideal application of appropriate changes in the statements. The use of transitions performs the essential roles in the creation of the essays and reports. The use of appropriate transitions assists in the creation of the sense of coherence. Appropriate changes also offer indication for various readers to trail a string of writers or ideas and thoughts of publishers (Bueno-Alastuey et al., 517). Therefore, ideas of choosing the proper transition in language sector that create the logical connection tend to ensure that the audience such as the readers and listeners understand the spoken words or text in the manner the author or speaker had intended. Appropriateness of language use must avoid cases of redundancy. The consistency forms a nark of the best academic work like writing and speaking. The need for writing or speaking effectively by an individual needs the concern of understanding how to write and speak precisely and concisely. The use of various words is vital in conveying what an individual wants to say. Appropriateness of language use ensures that people do not adjoin some vocabulary just to extend their essays as well as to develop imagine terms. Therefore, it is distant most significant to attain the communication of an individual across well (Van Compernolle 51). The aim of achieving appropriateness in language use aid in weeding out redundancy as a person concerning what they have printed is meaningful to full sense they intended to converse. For instance, in paper writing on ideas of euthanasia, the learner can decide to write on the topic about deliberate suicide. Therefore, there is a need for every individual t o understand the commonly misused words that can make the use of language to be inappropriate. Conclusion Every individual has the duty of checking on the use of formal vocabulary, use of appropriate transitions, and avoid redundancy when addressing audiences that consist of readers and listeners. Appropriateness in language use results due to the right choices of words that accurately convey the intended meaning of words. The people within the society must ensure that their transactions create best logical sense as well as enhancing the coherence of the text. However, in some cases, people must be ready to face some states of doubt or confusion. The greatest conduct that individual must rely on achieving appropriateness in language use is the real dictionary that offers the example of right words. The focus on the correct use of language leads to relevance. Works Cited Brown, Lucien. 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